Table 2.
Characteristics of randomised control trials assessing effectiveness of individual face‐to‐face dietitian consultations for lipid management
| First author, year, country | Primary risk management | Participant characteristics | Number analysed (number enrolled) | Dietitian intervention (number and duration of visits) and comparator | Baseline (TC) | Baseline (HDL) | Baseline (LDL) | Baseline (TG) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delahanty, 2001,19 USA | Cholesterol lowering | Adults with hyperlipidaemia: Fasting TC >201.01 and <341.84 mg/dL (>5.2 and <8.84 mmol/L) | 88 (90) |
Dietitian 2–3 visits in first 2–3 months plus 2–3 follow‐up visits, if required, over a 6‐month period. Duration of visits not stated |
6.19 ± 0.73 | 1.22 ± 0.42 | 4.29 ± 0.60 | 1.46 ± 0.61 |
|
Comparator Usual care by physicians |
6.16 ± 0.75 | 1.14 ± 0.31 | 4.24 ± 0.68 | 1.17 ± 0.89 | ||||
| Heller, 1989,21 Australia | Cholesterol lowering | Men with peripheral vascular disease (ankle‐to‐brachial blood pressure ratio ≤ 0.80) or history of previous vascular surgery, and TC ≤348.03 mg/dL (<9 mmol/L) |
Dietitian 2 visits in 3 months Duration of visits not stated |
Not reported | Not reported | Not collected | Not collected | |
|
Comparator Minimal care: printed information and encouragement by a clinic nurse |
Not reported | Not reported | Not collected | Not collected | ||||
| Imai, 2008,27 Japan | Diabetes management | Adults diagnosed with T2DM | 77 (77) |
Dietitian 12 visits in 12 months. 20–30 minutes duration for each visit |
6.18 ± 0.92 | 1.53 + 0 ± 09 | 3.31 ± 0.92 | 1.81 ± 1.33 |
|
Comparator Usual care: by a doctor or nurse and printed information |
5.59 ± 0.97 | 1.58 ± 0.41 | 3.53 ± 0.92 | 1.60 ± 0.99 | ||||
| Johnston, 1995,22 Australia | Cholesterol lowering | Men and women with hyperlipidaemia: fasting plasma TC 212.68–309.36 mg/dL (5.5–8.0 mmol/L) | 131 (179) |
Dietitian 3 visits in 6 months. 1.5 hours duration for each visit |
6.35 (6.05–6.80) | Not reported | 4.05 (3.54–4.35) | Not reported |
|
Comparator Minimal care: printed information and verbal advice from a nurse |
6.30 (5.80–6.80) | Not reported | 4.00 (3.60–4.29) | Not reported | ||||
| Koopman, 1990,23 Netherlands | BP lowering | Men and women with elevated blood pressure: DBP 90–110 mm Hg on three occasions; BMI ≤27 kg/m2 | 30 (35) |
Dietitian 3 visits in 3 months. Duration of visits not stated |
Not reported | Not collected | Not collected | Not collected |
|
Comparator Control: received no intervention |
Not reported | Not collected | Not collected | Not collected | ||||
| Lim, 2008,28 South Korea | Cholesterol lowering | Adults with hyperlipidaemia: fasting serum TC ≥200 mg/dL (>5.17 mmol/L); TG ≥150 mg/dL (1.69 mmol/L) | 40 (40) |
Dietitian 5 visits in 3 months. Duration of visits not stated |
5.88 ± 0.41 | 1.15 ± 0.18 | 3.31 ± 0.92 | 1.97 ± 0.33 |
|
Comparator Control: received no intervention |
5.94 ± 1.34 | 1.13 ± 0.23 | 3.53 ± 0.92 | 2.05 ± 1.22 | ||||
| Neil, 1995,24 Great Britain | Cholesterol lowering | Men and women with hyperlipidaemia: TC, 251.35–348.03 mg/dL (6.5–9.0 mmol/L) and repeat fasting TC 6.0–8.5 mmol/L; TC: HDL ratio ≥154.68 mg/dL1 (≥4.0 mmol/L); LDL ≥135.34 mg/dL1 (≥3.5 mmol/L); fasting TG ≤495.99 mg/dL (≤5.6 mmol/L) | 205 (205) |
Dietitian 2 visits in 8 weeks. 30 minutes duration for each visit |
7.01 ± 0.61 | 1.18 ± 0.26 | 5.11 ± 0.6 | Not Collected |
|
Comparator Minimal care: printed information |
7.23 ± 0.63 | 1.23 ± 0.28 | 5.25 ± 0.65 | Not collected | ||||
| Parker, 2014,25 USA | Diabetes risk factors | Overweight or obese men and women BMI ≥25 kg/m2 with impaired fasting glucose or HbA1c 5.7–6.4% and no previous history or treatment of diabetes | 76 (81) |
Dietitian 4 visits in 3 months. 60 minutes duration for each visit |
5.26 ± 0.95 | 1.33 ± 0.32 | 3.19 ± 0.91 | 1.71 ± 0.64 |
|
Comparator Control: received no intervention |
4.93 ± 1.18 | 1.21 ± 0.32 | 2.90 ± 0.95 | 1.88 ± 0.95 | ||||
| Rhodes, 1996,26 USA | Cholesterol lowering | Men and women with hyperlipidaemia: 2 readings within 8 weeks of LDL‐C ≥160.09 mg/dL (≥4.14 mmol/L) or >129.93 mg/dL1 (>3.36 mmol/L) + CHD or 2 other risk factors for CHD | 97 (104) |
Dietitian Up to 3 visits in 3 months. 1‐hour duration for initial visit; 30 minutes duration for subsequent visits |
6.93 ± 0.71 | 1.22 ± 0.28 | 5.11 ± 0.67 | 1.53 ± 0.47 |
|
Comparator Usual care: by a physician |
6.75 ± 0.79 | 1.21 ± 0.26 | 4.96 ± 0.77 | 1.57 ± 0.50 | ||||
| Wong, 2015,20 Hong Kong | Cardiovascular risk factors | Adults with newly diagnosed Grade 1 hypertension, not taking anti‐hypertensive medications | 504 (556) |
Dietitian A one‐off visit of 35‐minutes duration |
5.57 ± 0.86 | 1.55 ± 0.43 | 3.39 ± 0.81 | 1.40 ± 0.81 |
|
Comparator Usual care: by a physician and printed information |
5.25 ± 0.82 | 1.55 ± 0.43 | 3.25 ± 0.76 | 1.33 ± 0.70 |
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CHD, Coronary Heart Disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, glycolated haemoglobin; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; TG, triglyceride.
Converted using factor of 38.67.