Table 2.

Electromagnetic physics processes for protons

Physical process	Reference class in Geant4‐DNA	Energy range
Electronic excitation	G4DNAMillerGreenExcitationModel	10 eV–500 keV
	G4DNABornExcitationModel	500 keV–100 MeV
Ionization	G4DNARuddIonisationExtendedModel	0 eV–500 keV
	G4DNABornIonisationModel	500 keV–100 MeV
Charge increase	G4DNADingfelderChargeIncreaseModel	100 eV–100 MeV