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. 2019 Oct 23;13(10):e0007338. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007338

Fig 6. High doses of D. siamensis monovalent (DSAV) antivenom are required to abrogate increased plasma BUN levels caused by the administration of Thai D. siamensis venom.

Fig 6

(A) The graphs show increases in the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations of rats administered with (i) D. siamensis venom (700 μg/kg, i.m.), and (ii) venom alongside the pre-administration of DSAV at two times the recommended therapeutic dose and (iii) venom alongside the pre-administration of DSAV at three times the recommended therapeutic dose. (B) Prior administration of DSAV at three times the recommended therapeutic dose significantly prevented the increase plasma BUN compared with antivenom given 1 h after venom. Data is displayed for BUN of rats administered with (i) D. siamensis venom (700 μg/kg, i.m.), (ii) venom alongside the pre-administration of DSAV at three times the recommended therapeutic dose, and (iii) venom and antivenom (3x recommended dose) 1 hr after venom administration. The data displayed is presented as increased levels compared to the control (normal saline, n = 4–5) and represent mean measurements (n = 4–5), with error bars representing SEM. * P < 0.05, compared to D. siamensis venom alone (one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni t-test).