Table 3.

ROBINS‐I risk of bias assessment (low, moderate, serious, critical, no info)

Authors	Confounding	Selection	Measurement of intervention	Missing data	Measurement of outcomes	Reported result	Overall risk of bias
Braam et al. (2008)	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Didden et al. (2002)	Critical	Serious	Serious	Critical	Serious	Low	Critical
Gunning and Espie (2003)	Moderate	Low	Serious	Serious	Serious	Low	Serious
Hare et al. (2008)	Critical	Moderate	Serious	Low	Serious	No Info	Critical
Hylkema and Vlaskamp (2009)	Critical	Serious	Critical	Moderate	Serious	Moderate	Critical
Richings and Feroz‐Nainar (2010)	Critical	Low	Serious	Critical	No Info	Critical	Critical
Short and Carpenter (1998)	Serious	Low	Serious	No Info	No Info	No Info	Serious
Stenfert‐Kroese and Thomas (2006)	Critical	No Info	Serious	Serious	Critical	Serious	Critical
Ward et al. (2015)	Critical	Critical	Critical	Moderate	Critical	Serious	Critical

ROBINS‐I, Risk Of Bias In Non‐randomised Studies – of Interventions.