Table 2. Experiences of discrimination related to knowledge or presumption of attraction to men, mental health and substance use of Canadian participants in the EMIS-2017 (N=5,165).
| Characteristics | British Columbia + Yukon (n=1,191)a |
Alberta + Northwest Territories (n=710)a |
Saskatchewan + Manitoba (n=339)a |
Ontario + Nunavut (n=1,707)a |
Quebec (n=789)a |
Atlantic Provinces (n=429)a |
Total (N=5,165)a |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Homophobic intimidation and assault started at or intimidatedb | ||||||||||||||
| Within last six months | 172 | 14.5 | 94 | 13.3 | 43 | 12.7 | 233 | 13.7 | 67 | 8.5 | 38 | 8.9 | 647 | 12.6 |
| Six months to a year ago | 249 | 20.9 | 145 | 20.5 | 69 | 20.4 | 306 | 18.0 | 135 | 17.2 | 89 | 20.7 | 993 | 19.3 |
| 1–5 years ago | 190 | 16.0 | 96 | 13.5 | 36 | 10.6 | 240 | 14.1 | 115 | 14.6 | 60 | 14.0 | 737 | 14.3 |
| 5+ years ago | 257 | 21.6 | 104 | 14.7 | 49 | 14.5 | 351 | 20.6 | 184 | 23.4 | 80 | 18.6 | 1,025 | 19.9 |
| Never | 321 | 27.0 | 270 | 38.1 | 142 | 41.9 | 570 | 33.5 | 286 | 36.3 | 162 | 37.8 | 1,751 | 34.0 |
| Verbal insultsb | ||||||||||||||
| Within last six months | 77 | 6.5 | 57 | 8.1 | 19 | 5.6 | 98 | 5.8 | 35 | 4.5 | 18 | 4.2 | 304 | 5.9 |
| Six months to a year ago | 223 | 18.8 | 113 | 16.0 | 62 | 18.3 | 289 | 17.0 | 83 | 10.6 | 64 | 15.0 | 834 | 16.2 |
| 1–5 years ago | 265 | 22.3 | 117 | 16.5 | 60 | 17.7 | 332 | 19.5 | 149 | 19.0 | 73 | 17.1 | 996 | 19.4 |
| 5+ years ago | 323 | 27.2 | 137 | 19.4 | 70 | 20.6 | 460 | 27.1 | 219 | 27.9 | 122 | 28.5 | 1,331 | 25.9 |
| Never | 301 | 25.3 | 283 | 40.0 | 128 | 37.8 | 520 | 30.6 | 299 | 38.1 | 151 | 35.3 | 1,682 | 32.7 |
| Punched, hit, kicked or beatenb | ||||||||||||||
| Within last six months | 4 | 0.3 | 8 | 1.1 | 1 | 0.3 | 4 | 0.2 | 1 | 0.1 | 4 | 0.9 | 22 | 0.4 |
| Six months to a year ago | 17 | 1.4 | 10 | 1.4 | 5 | 1.5 | 11 | 0.6 | 7 | 0.9 | 6 | 1.4 | 56 | 1.1 |
| 1–5 years ago | 40 | 3.4 | 40 | 5.6 | 13 | 3.8 | 50 | 2.9 | 23 | 2.9 | 13 | 3.0 | 179 | 3.5 |
| 5+ years ago | 216 | 18.2 | 83 | 11.7 | 34 | 10.0 | 292 | 17.2 | 125 | 15.9 | 71 | 16.6 | 821 | 15.9 |
| Never | 913 | 76.7 | 568 | 80.1 | 286 | 84.4 | 1,342 | 79.0 | 630 | 80.2 | 334 | 78.0 | 4,073 | 79.1 |
| Anxiety and Depression Scalec | ||||||||||||||
| Normal | 472 | 40.0 | 276 | 39.1 | 137 | 40.7 | 731 | 43.4 | 321 | 41.3 | 188 | 44.7 | 2,125 | 41.6 |
| Mild | 393 | 33.3 | 249 | 35.3 | 116 | 34.4 | 546 | 32.4 | 308 | 39.6 | 149 | 35.4 | 1,761 | 34.5 |
| Moderate | 176 | 14.9 | 92 | 13.0 | 41 | 12.2 | 245 | 14.5 | 87 | 11.2 | 44 | 10.5 | 685 | 13.4 |
| Severe | 139 | 11.8 | 88 | 12.5 | 43 | 12.8 | 164 | 9.7 | 61 | 7.9 | 40 | 9.5 | 535 | 10.5 |
| Suicidal ideation in previous two weeks | ||||||||||||||
| Not at all | 885 | 74.4 | 510 | 71.8 | 237 | 70.1 | 1,268 | 74.7 | 592 | 75.2 | 311 | 72.5 | 3,803 | 73.8 |
| Some days | 200 | 16.8 | 129 | 18.2 | 70 | 20.7 | 305 | 18.0 | 148 | 18.8 | 87 | 20.3 | 939 | 18.2 |
| More than half the days | 51 | 4.3 | 33 | 4.6 | 10 | 3.0 | 63 | 3.7 | 20 | 2.5 | 16 | 3.7 | 193 | 3.7 |
| Nearly every day | 54 | 4.5 | 38 | 5.4 | 21 | 6.2 | 62 | 3.7 | 27 | 3.4 | 15 | 3.5 | 217 | 4.2 |
| Alcohol dependencyd | ||||||||||||||
| Not alcohol dependent | 936 | 79.1 | 553 | 78.4 | 262 | 77.7 | 1,345 | 79.7 | 629 | 80.5 | 363 | 85.6 | 4,088 | 79.9 |
| Alcohol dependent | 248 | 20.9 | 152 | 21.6 | 75 | 22.3 | 343 | 20.3 | 152 | 19.5 | 61 | 14.4 | 1,031 | 20.1 |
| Ever taken recreational or illicit drugs | ||||||||||||||
| No | 367 | 31.1 | 254 | 35.9 | 151 | 44.7 | 597 | 35.3 | 294 | 37.4 | 176 | 41.6 | 1,839 | 35.9 |
| Yes | 812 | 68.9 | 454 | 64.1 | 187 | 55.3 | 1,092 | 64.7 | 492 | 62.6 | 247 | 58.4 | 3,284 | 64.1 |
| Illicit drugs used in previous yeare | ||||||||||||||
| Cannabis | 609 | 51.7 | 326 | 46.0 | 131 | 38.8 | 797 | 47.2 | 333 | 42.5 | 192 | 45.4 | 2,388 | 46.6 |
| Cocaine | 192 | 16.3 | 98 | 13.9 | 39 | 11.5 | 222 | 13.2 | 123 | 15.6 | 40 | 9.5 | 714 | 14 |
| Ecstasy pills | 152 | 12.9 | 53 | 7.5 | 15 | 4.4 | 147 | 8.7 | 77 | 9.5 | 16 | 3.8 | 458 | 8.9 |
| Ecstasy in the form of a crystal or powder | 146 | 12.4 | 65 | 9.2 | 19 | 5.6 | 132 | 7.8 | 59 | 7.5 | 23 | 5.5 | 444 | 8.7 |
| GHB or GBL | 136 | 11.5 | 46 | 6.5 | 9 | 2.7 | 119 | 7.1 | 58 | 7.4 | 8 | 1.9 | 373 | 7.3 |
| Crystal methamphetamine | 80 | 6.8 | 43 | 6.1 | 16 | 4.7 | 129 | 7.6 | 29 | 3.7 | 13 | 3.1 | 310 | 6.1 |
| Ever injected any drugsf | ||||||||||||||
| No, never | 1,139 | 96.0 | 679 | 95.8 | 328 | 96.8 | 1,640 | 96.6 | 770 | 98.1 | 413 | 96.3 | 4,969 | 96.5 |
| Yes | 48 | 4.0 | 30 | 4.2 | 11 | 3.2 | 58 | 3.4 | 15 | 1.9 | 16 | 3.7 | 178 | 3.5 |
Abbreviations: GBL, gamma-Butyrolactone; GHB, Gamma-hydroxybutyrate
a The total counts for each characteristic do not always add up to the provincial totals because only participants with non-missing values were included. Missing values make up less than 3% of the totals
b Because someone knew or presumed the participant was attracted to men
c PHQ-4 measurement (13)
d CAGE 4-item Indicator (14)
e The denominators for the proportions of participants who used each substance are based on the number of participants who responded to the individual substance use questions. Total counts for each substance ranged from 5,113 to 5,121. The proportions for substances used do not add up to 100% as they were not mutually exclusive; participants could report the use of more than one substance
f Other than anabolic steroids or prescribed medicine