Table 2. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of premature mortality after loss of a child among young parents followed up to age 50, by time since loss and demographic characteristics, compared to their siblings.
We stratified by sibling groups and additionally adjusted for birth year and sex. IR, incidence rate, per 1000 person-years.
| Overall | Women | Men | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (Crude IR) | HR (95% CI) | N (Crude IR) | HR (95% CI) | N (Crude IR) | HR (95% CI) | |
| Time since loss | ||||||
| 0–4 years | 1711 (10.2) | 1.19 (1.11–1.27) | 907 (10.3) | 1.52 (1.35–1.71) | 804 (10.0) | 0.96 (0.85–1.07) |
| 0–4 years* | 1595 (9.5) | 1.10 (1.03–1.18) | 832 (9.4) | 1.40 (1.24–1.58) | 763 (9.5) | 0.89 (0.80–1.01) |
| 5–9 years | 1145 (7.9) | 1.13 (1.05–1.23) | 508 (6.5) | 1.22 (1.06–1.41) | 637 (9.5) | 1.02 (0.90–1.16) |
| 10–19 years | 1654 (8.2) | 1.15 (1.07–1.23) | 764 (6.7) | 1.33 (1.18–1.50) | 890 (10.0) | 1.09 (0.97–1.22) |
| 20–39 years | 388 (6.2) | 1.12 (0.98–1.29) | 214 (5.3) | 1.28 (1.03–1.59) | 174 (7.9) | 1.16 (0.91–1.48) |
| Child’s age at loss | ||||||
| 0 | 3357 (8.9) | 1.14 (1.08–1.20) | 1672 (8.0) | 1.43 (1.31–1.57) | 1685 (9.9) | 0.94 (0.86–1.03) |
| 1–5 | 2016 (9.4) | 1.16 (1.09–1.24) | 964 (8.1) | 1.26 (1.13–1.41) | 1052 (11.0) | 1.12 (1.00–1.25) |
| 6–17 | 269 (6.7) | 1.17 (0.99–1.38) | 130 (5.6) | 1.31 (0.99–1.74) | 139 (8.3) | 1.32 (1.00–1.73) |
| 18+ | 66 (5.4) | 1.44 (1.05–1.97) | 22 (2.8) | 0.96 (0.54–1.71) | 44 (10.3) | 1.99 (1.24–3.20) |
| Number of alive children at loss | ||||||
| 0 | 2390 (9.7) | 1.20 (1.13–1.28) | 1135 (8.3) | 1.39 (1.24–1.56) | 1255 (11.4) | 1.15 (1.04–1.28) |
| 1–3 | 2793 (8.4) | 1.12 (1.06–1.18) | 1379 (7.5) | 1.37 (1.25–1.51) | 1414 (9.5) | 0.98 (0.89–1.07) |
| 4+ | 525 (8.1) | 1.12 (0.99–1.26) | 274 (7.3) | 1.18 (0.97–1.44) | 251 (9.1) | 0.94 (0.77–1.14) |
| Sex of the lost child | ||||||
| Female | 3075 (8.6) | 1.14 (1.08–1.20) | 1483 (7.5) | 1.29 (1.17–1.41) | 1592 (10.0) | 1.06 (0.97–1.16) |
| Male | 2633 (9.2) | 1.17 (1.10–1.24) | 1305 (8.2) | 1.44 (1.30–1.59) | 1328 (10.4) | 1.01 (0.92–1.11) |
| Age at loss | ||||||
| 13–30 | 3459 (8.5) | 1.13 (1.08–1.19) | 1815 (7.5) | 1.33 (1.22–1.45) | 1644 (10.1) | 1.02 (0.93–1.12) |
| 31–40 | 1945 (9.5) | 1.19 (1.12–1.27) | 873 (8.7) | 1.43 (1.27–1.61) | 1072 (10.2) | 1.04 (0.93–1.15) |
| 41–50 | 304 (8.7) | 1.14 (0.98–1.32) | 100 (6.1) | 1.11 (0.81–1.52) | 204 (11.0) | 1.12 (0.90–1.40) |
| Age at first childbirth | ||||||
| 13–21 | 988 (6.0) | 1.20 (1.09–1.32) | 653 (5.4) | 1.29 (1.13–1.47) | 335 (7.7) | 1.15 (0.95–1.40) |
| 22–24 | 1507 (8.5) | 1.09 (1.01–1.17) | 829 (8.0) | 1.27 (1.12–1.44) | 678 (9.2) | 0.97 (0.84–1.11) |
| 25–27 | 1520 (10.3) | 1.20 (1.11–1.30) | 665 (9.5) | 1.35 (1.17–1.56) | 855 (11.1) | 1.08 (0.96–1.23) |
| 28+ | 1693 (10.8) | 1.16 (1.08–1.24) | 641 (9.9) | 1.55 (1.34–1.80) | 1052 (11.3) | 1.01 (0.91–1.13) |
* A sensitivity analysis excluding parents dying on the same day as their child.