Figure 1.

Influencing factors of Helicobacter pylori recrudescence. The factors involved in H pylori recrudescence can be roughly divided into two categories: (1) false‐negative results of the review (mainly in vivo factors); and (2) small amounts of unkilled H pylori or dormant H pylori lurking in the human body (mainly in vitro factors). H pylori itself is a major component of the in vivo factors including its oral colonization, biofilm formation and coccoid forms transformation. Re‐examination means and time, therapeutic scheme and treatment time window as in vitro intervention are also involved in H pylori recrudescence. Both in vivo and in vitro factors result in H pylori recrudescence