Table 1.
The potential correlation between oral Helicobacter pylori and gastric H pylori
| Author | Type of study | sample size | Direction of study | Methods | Country | Index | Rate | P value | Summary of conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assumpcao et al44 | Cross‐sectional study | 99 | Genotype | RUT, PCR | Northern Brazil | Gene agreement rate | 89.0% | — | Significant association between oral H pylori and gastric H pylori |
| Ogunbodede et al45 | Cross‐sectional study | 66 | Colonization | culture, histological examination | Nigeria | Colonization correlation | — | .01 | The correlation (Spearman's) between gastric and oral H pylori colonization was significant |
| Roman‐Roman et al46 | Cross‐sectional study | 196 | Genotype | PCR, histological examination | Mexico | Gene agreement rate | 51.1% | — | H pylori might reach the stomach from oral cavity |
| Abadi et al47 | Cross‐sectional study | 132 | Colonization | PCR, culture | Iran | Prevalence of H pylori (oral H pylori vs gastric H pylori) | 100% vs 54.2% | .001 | Patients who previously infected with H pylori and cured were still carrying oral H pylori |
| Zou et al29 | Meta‐analysis | 1088 | Eradication | RUT, PCR, UBT, CLO test, histological examination | China | Eradication rate (gastric H pylori vs oral H pylori) | 85.8% vs5.7% | <.00001 | Oral H pylori was difficulty to eradication |
| Jia et al48 | Cohort study | 110 | Colonization | UBT | China | Prevalence of gastric H pylori (oral treatment vs no oral treatment) | 19.5% vs 84.3% | <.05 | Oral treatment was associated with lower gastric recurrence by H pylori |
| Zaric et al49 | Cohort study | 98 | Eradication | PCR | Serbia | Gastric H pylori‐eradication rate (oral treatment vs no oral treatment) | 77.3% vs 47.6% | .044 | Treated with the combined therapy exhibited successful eradication of gastric H pylori |
| Song et al50 | Cohort study | 431 | Eradication | UBT, HPS | China | Gastric H pylori‐eradication rate (oral treatment vs no oral treatment) | 94.7% vs 78.4% | .012 | Oral treatment might improve the eradication rate of gastric H pylori |
| Liu et al51 | Case‐control study | 443 | Colonization | RUT, PCR, histological examination | China | Prevalence of gastric H pylori (oral H pylori positive vs negative) | 80.1% vs 46.6% | <.01 | Oral H pylori showed concomitant stomach infection |
| Rasmussen et al52 | Cross‐sectional study | 78 | Colonization | Southern blotting | Brasil | Prevalence of oral H pylori (gastric H pylori positive vs negative) | 71.2% vs 50.0% | <.0001 | Oral H pylori showed a potential association with gastric reinfection |
| Anand et al53 | Case‐control study | 134 | Colonization | RUT, HPS, histological examination | India | Prevalence of gastric H pylori (oral H pylori positive vs negative) | 89.2% vs 71% | <.05 | H pylori in oral cavity was seldom eliminated by H pylori‐eradication therapy |
Abbreviations: CLO test, Campylobacter‐like organism test; HPS, H pylori antigen test; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; RUT, rapid urease test; UBT, urea breath test.