Table 1.

Bioactive substances produced by MVs from different cell sources and their biological effects on target cells

Cell‐derived microvesicles	Active molecule	Biological effect	Reference
Leucocyte	CD62L, PF4, TF, CD45, CD66b, CD11b, CD62p, CD31	Participates in thrombosis, regulates inflammatory response and vascular function	16, 17, 18, 19
Endotheliocyte	VCAM‐1, CD31, CD105, CD309, MadCAM1, CD51, CD146, CD62E, CD142, TF, miRNA‐19b24, PSGL‐1, CD144	Participates in endothelial dysfunction, angiogenesis, tumour growth, oxidative stress and so on	17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 86
Platelet	CD41, CD42A, TF, CD62P, CD40L, miRNA‐24, miRNA‐142‐3p, CD41b, CD61, CD63, CD11b, RANTES, NF‐KB, GPIbα, GPIIb/IIIa	Participates in promoting coagulation, promoting thrombosis and promoting apoptosis	17, 18, 23, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 60, 83
Erythrocyte	CD44, CD47, CD55, TF, PS, CD235a	Mediated coagulation reaction	30, 31, 83
Neutrophils	Ly6G, CD41, Ter119, CD31, CD142, CD45, CD66b, IL‐1β	Mediates inflammation and subsequent vascular damage	17, 84, 87

Abbreviations: GPIbα, GPIIb/IIIa, platelet‐specific autoantibody; MadCAM1, mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule‐1; PF4, platelet factor 4; RANTES, regulated upon the activation of normal T cell expressed and secreted; VCAM‐1, vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1.