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. 2019 Aug 15;127(4):1085–1094. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00371.2019

Table 2.

Study 1 and study 2 blood assays and EPR spectroscopy

Study 1
Study 2
Placebo Nitrate Placebo Nitrate
cGMP, μmol/L 3.75 ± 1.9 3.99 ± 2.1 5.15 ± 3.25 5.24 ± 3.08
FRAP, mmol/L 2.0 ± 0.3 1.8 ± 0.3 1.9 ± 0.3 1.9 ± 0.3
MDA, μmol/L 2.2 ± 0.7 2.2 ± 0.7 2.2 ± 0.8 2.2 ± 0.7
SOD, U/mL 1.6 ± 0.3 1.6 ± 0.4 1.7 ± 0.3 1.6 ± 0.3
PC, nmol/mg 0.07 ± 0.02 0.07 ± 0.02 0.07 ± 0.02 0.06 ± 0.02
EPR, AU 8.5 ± 7.8 13.0 ± 12.0 9.2 ± 7.3 8.7 ± 8.2
CRP, U/mL 2.1 ± 1.3 2.3 ± 1.4 2.4 ± 2.3 2.2 ± 1.1
IL-6, pg/mL 1.7 ± 0.8 1.4 ± 0.7 3.0 ± 2.7 1.7 ± 0.7
TNF-α, pg/mL 1.3 ± 0.3 1.3 ± 0.3 1.3 ± 0.4 1.2 ± 0.2

Data are means ± SD. Study 1: n = 13 for all variables (except FRAP, n = 12). Study 2: n = 14 for all variables. AU, arbitrary units; cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate; CRP, C-reactive protein; EPR, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy signal for free radicals; FRAP, ferric-reducing ability of plasma; IL-6, interleukin-6; MDA, malondialdehyde; PC, protein carbonyl; SOD, superoxide dismutase; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha.

Different from placebo within study (P < 0.05).