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. 2019 Jul 31;317(4):C788–C799. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00250.2019

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

S100A11-enriched cholangiocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) stimulate macrophages via engagement of its receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). A: mRNA obtained from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) from wild-type (WT) and Rage−/− mice were analyzed by conventional RT-PCR for RAGE gene expression. Gapdh was used as housekeeping gene. KO, knockout. B: gene expression analysis by quantitative (q)RT-PCR in BMDM from WT and Rage−/− mice incubated with 603B-derived EVs for 6 h (n = 3, from independent BMDM and EV isolations). Target gene expression normalized to 18s. C: gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR in wild-type BMDM treated with 603B-derived EVs in the presence or absence of the RAGE inhibitor TTP448 (10 μM) for 6 h (n = 4, from independent BMDM and EV isolations). Target gene expression normalized to 18s. Data represent mean of fold increase over control (untreated BMDM) ± SE. Two-tailed Student’s t-test: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005, ***P < 0.001.