Table 3.
Results of in vitro diffusion studies.
| Results of in vitro diffusion studies | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Essential oil | c oil g/l | Formula | Droplet size D (nm) | Cumulative EO release(%) |
| Clove | 0.51 | Ethanolic solution | — | 12.9 ± 2.8 |
| Conventional emulsion | 320 ± 37 | 21.5 ± 0.1 | ||
| Pickering nano-emulsion | 370 ± 22 | 27.5 ± 4.0 | ||
| Cinnamon | 0.40 | Ethanolic solution | — | 10.5 ± 1.6 |
| Conventional emulsion | 240 ± 20 | 30.7 ± 1.2 | ||
| Pickering nano-emulsion HS | 220 ± 4 | 32.3 ± 1.2 | ||
| Pickering nano-emulsion 20ET | 245 ± 12 | 51.4 ± 1.0 | ||
| Pickering nano-emulsion 40ET | 255 ± 6 | 33.8 ± 2.5 | ||
| Peppermint | 0.98 | Ethanolic solution | — | 69.7 ± 14.1 |
| Conventional emulsion | 310 ± 9 | 69.0 ± 9.2 | ||
| Pickering nano-emulsion | 210 ± 10 | 81.1 ± 2.2 | ||
| Thyme | 0.20 | Ethanolic solution | — | under LOD |
| Conventional emulsion | 245 ± 20 | 9.4 ± 0.4 | ||
| Pickering nano-emulsion | 255 ± 5 | 18.9 ± 0.5 | ||
The oil concentrations equal to MIC/2 values against Streptococcus mutans. Droplet sizes and cumulative EO releases were calculated from three parallel samples.