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. 2019 Nov 12;9:16572. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53152-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(Panel A) Example, in one patient, of flow and pressure traces recorded before adjustment of ventilator settings (square #1). The corresponding FCz and Cz inspiratory-locked segments average show a negative deflection preceding inspiration (square #2), namely a pre-inspiratory potential (PIP). (Panel B) Flow and pressure traces recorded after adjustment of ventilator settings (square #3). The FCz and Cz traces show the complete disappearance of the previously recorded pre-inspiratory potential. (Panel C) Among the 11 patients who exhibited a PIP before adjustment of ventilator settings, 4 did so after this adjustment. The patient who did not exhibit any PIP before still did not do so after adjustment.