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. 2019 Nov 12;9:16564. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52975-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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S. aureus antibiotic resistance increases when co-cultivated with P. aeruginosa. Twelve clinical S. aureus strains were mono- and cocultivated with coexisting P. aeruginosa strains and exposed to tetracycline (A) and ciprofloxacin (B) at MIC and 2xMIC. After 5 hours, cultures were plated on MSA to count remaining S. aureus. Bars represent the median and dotted lines bacterial survival equal to 1. Statistical significance was determined by One-way Anova with Dunnett’s multiple test correction (**P_adj < 0.01, and ****P_adj < 0.0001). (C) Tet38 is responsible for the increase of tetracycline resistance induced by P. aeruginosa. RN6390 and isogenic Δtet38 derivative were cultivated with and without P. aeruginosa and susceptibility to tetracycline was monitored. Statistical significance was determined by unpaired t-test (*P < 0.05) from three independent experiments. All the results are expressed as the number of surviving bacteria in coculture divided by the number of surviving bacteria in monoculture.