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. 2019 Nov 12;9:16613. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53147-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Short-term in vivo MR study and long-term survival analysis in a TMZ-resistant GBM mouse model. (A) The experimental design for the in vivo MR study (n = 4, in each group). (B) Representative T2WI (1^st row) and ADC maps (2^nd row) for the control group and T2WI (3^rd row) and ADC maps (4^th row) for the NTX group, visualized with pretreatment MRI and post-1 MRI to verify TMZ resistance and with post-2 MRI to assess NTX effects. (C) The tumor volume ratio (%) was significantly decreased in the NTX group (P = 0.0122) compared to the control group. (D) The mean ADC ratio was significantly increased (P = 0.0079) in the NTX group. (E) The survival of the NTX group was significantly longer than that of the control group, which was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (n = 9, in each group) [mean, 72.8 days (95% CI, 68.7–76.9) vs 33.9 days (95% CI, 17.1–50.7), P = 0.0009, log-rank test].