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. 2019 Nov 12;9:16636. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53305-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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ALA inhibited NF-κB activation and target genes expression in DSS colitis mice. (A) Immunoblotting was performed with antibodies against mouse p-p65, p-IκBα, IκBα and β-actin. Quantification of the protein expression was performed by densitometric analysis of the blots. (B) Representative images of p-p65 immunostaining in colon tissue. Scale bar corresponds to 100 µm and applies throughout. (C) mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory genes in colon tissue by qRT-PCR. Data were expressed as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. n = 6 mice per group. *p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. DSS model group; ^#P < 0.05, ^###P < 0.001 vs. control group; ns, no significance.