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. 2019 Nov 12;9:16637. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52873-4

Table 1.

Bison sample description including archaeological sites, skeletal component, age in cal BP, and diagnostics for well-preserved collagen isotopic values.

Bison Sample Site Skeletal Component Cal BP Date Range Median Age (cal BP) % Collagen % C % N C:N δ13C (‰ VPDB) δ15N (‰ AIR)
1 Medora molar fragment 270 12 112 4.4 45.0 16.3 3.2 −17.4 6.2
2 Mondrian Tree 32MZ58 bone fragment 3357 3241 3291 4.5 46.9 16.0 3.4 −21.1 8.1
3 Mondrian Tree 32MZ58 phalanx 2724 2497 2580 3.0 42.6 14.9 3.3 −18.5 4.9
4 Anton Rygh 39CA4 metatarsal 501 332 469 6.3 42.9 15.1 3.3 −14.8 5.8
5 Anton Rygh 39CA4 carpal 481 318 388 5.3 45.6 16.7 3.2 −17.5 5.7
6 Menoken Village 32BL2 phalanx 910 787 863 2.6 45.9 16.3 3.3 −19.1 6.4
10 White Bison Robe 32ME7 molar fragment 679 571 665 2.5 44.4 16.5 3.1 −17.8 6.8
11 White Bison Robe 32ME7 molar 460 313 381 4.7 45.9 17.0 3.2 −17.8 6.6
12 Huff Village 32MO11 molar fragment 527 501 513 5.0 46.0 16.8 3.2 −19.3 6.0
13 Huff Village 32MO11 M3 518 487 504 9.9 41.6 15.3 3.2 −18.6 6.5
14 Alkali Creek 32DU336 premolar 1529 1412 1466 3.0 39.8 14.5 3.2 −18.3 6.9
18 Sakakawea 32ME11 M3 302 7 166 5.4 46.4 16.7 3.2 −18.8 6.3
20 Rustad Site 32R1775 molar fragment 8176 8041 8107 1.4 40.2 14.3 3.3 −16.3 9.3
22 Streifel Site 32ML903 head of femur 7834 7701 7768 3.8 41.9 15.0 3.3 −14.6 5.0
25 Big Hidatsa 32ME12 molar 294 14 167 5.9 45.4 16.5 3.2 −18.6 7.4
26 Big Hidatsa 32ME12 M3 290 14 170 4.3 44.0 16.4 3.1 −20.5 7.5
29 Falkirk Bison Kill 32ML927 vertebrae 694 661 677 8.2 43.1 14.9 3.4 −15.6 5.8
30 Falkirk Bison Kill 32ML927 molar 309 156 296 3.5 44.9 16.7 3.1 −16.3 6.4
31 Bobtail Wolf 32DU955A phalanx 283 5 189 6.2 44.9 15.6 3.4 −20.1 6.1
32 Larson Village 32BL9 M3 491 320 437 3.8 45.3 16.9 3.1 −17.1 5.5
33 Larson Village 32BL9 metatarsal 485 319 429 5.4 43.9 16.0 3.2 −20.3 7.3
34 Double Ditch Village 32BL8 molar fragment 465 315 379 2.5 44.2 16.5 3.1 −15.1 5.0
35 Bundlemaker 32OL159 molar 1173 979 1027 6.2 42.3 15.2 3.2 −16.7 6.6
36 Cross Ranch 32OL151 M3 1175 1010 1107 5.0 44.2 16.1 3.2 −17.2 6.4
37 Taylor Bluff 32ME366 phalanx 272 11 125 6.2 42.3 15.2 3.2 −18.2 5.8
38 Taylor Bluff 32ME366 molar fragment 294 14 167 3.6 44.8 16.4 3.2 −20.1 7.0
39 Falkirk Bison Kill 32ML927 molar fragment 673 566 656 1.5 40.4 14.3 3.3 −19.4 8.3
40 Shea Farm 32CS101 premolar root 527 492 509 5.2 43.0 15.6 3.2 −16.5 5.5
41 White Bison Robe 32ME7 M3 465 315 379 3.6 44.7 16.5 3.2 −19.6 8.3
42 White Bison Robe 32ME7 M3 458 307 386 6.3 42.3 15.5 3.2 −20.3 8.0
43 Menoken Village 32BL2 molar fragment 1175 989 1077 9.7 41.9 15.3 3.2 −15.4 6.2
44 Brand Bison Kill 32SK201 atlas 703 668 683 3.5 45.8 16.5 3.2 −19.7 6.2
45 Brand Bison Kill 32SK201 atlas 688 665 675 2.5 44.8 16.0 3.3 −20.3 7.5
46 Forest River molar fragment 284 22 185 3.7 44.9 16.4 3.2 −17.8 6.0
47 Falkirk Bison Kill 32ML927 molar fragment 670 565 653 2.8 45.4 16.3 3.3 −20.2 6.9
48 Rustad Site 32R1775 molar 7972 7860 7936 7.2 43.6 15.8 3.2 −17.9 8.8
49 Alkali Creek 32DU336 molar 2750 2539 2728 5.0 42.6 15.8 3.2 −18.3 7.8
50 Rustad Site 32R1775 mandible 9029 8786 8999 2.1 42.0 15.0 3.3 −18.2 6.6
51 Mondrian Tree 32MZ58 M3 631 516 544 12.0 42.5 15.6 3.2 −19.8 6.8
52 Alkali Creek 32DU336 premolar root 1567 1416 1533 5.7 43.0 16.0 3.1 −20.3 7.3
53 Streifel Site 32ML903 bone fragment 4079 3897 3964 11.3 42.0 15.4 3.2 −20.3 7.0
54 Beacon Island 32MN234 molar fragment 12389 12030 12209 1.0 37.5 13.0 3.4 −21.5 6.2
55 Streifel Site 32ML903 metatarsal 4082 3892 3966 12.6 42.0 15.5 3.2 −19.1 6.3
56 Mondrian Tree 32MZ58 bone fragment 2744 2502 2701 9.3 42.6 15.3 3.2 −19.1 7.8
57 Mondrian Tree 32MZ58 phalanx 2744 2497 2622 6.2 41.6 15.0 3.2 −19.8 5.8
58 Beacon Island 32MN234 molar na na na <1 na na na na na
59 Beacon Island 32MN234 molar 12396 12056 12229 3.7 41.7 14.9 3.3 −21.1 5.0
60 Beacon Island 32MN234 molar 12373 11845 12068 2.0 41.9 15.0 3.3 −21.2 5.7
61 Beacon Island 32MN234 molar na na na <1 na na na na na
62 Beacon Island 32MN234 M3 12547 12140 12431 4.2 41.4 15.2 3.2 −18.4 5.9
63 Beacon Island 32MN234 molar na na na <1 na na na na na
64 Mondrian Tree 32MZ58 phalanx 3825 3640 3705 5.6 40.3 14.3 3.3 −20.7 8.1
65 Brand Bison Kill 32SK201 horncore 691 661 675 8.7 45.6 16.7 3.2 −18.8 7.5
66 Rustad Site 32R1775 molar 8191 8042 8116 3.8 41.7 14.9 3.3 −16.2 8.1
67 Rustad Site 32R1775 M3 8178 8036 8107 5.1 40.5 14.7 3.2 −17.5 6.8
68 Rustad Site 32R1775 molar 8187 8042 8116 5.0 41.5 14.9 3.3 −16.2 7.8
97 Streifel Site 32ML903 phalanx 4984 3998 3913 10.5 42.4 15.2 3.3 −19.3 6.5
98 Streifel Site 32ML903 bone fragment 7932 7793 7862 3.8 42.3 14.9 3.3 −19.1 8.5
99 Streifel Site 32ML903 phalanx na na na <1 na na na na na
100 TRNP (bull) M3 na na modern 13.3 42.4 15.6 3.2 −21.2 5.0
101 TRNP (bull) molar na na modern 16.9 42.9 15.5 3.2 −20.1 5.2
102 TRNP (cow) M3 na na modern 17.4 41.9 15.1 3.2 −20.7 4.6
103 TRNP (cow) M3 na na modern 15.8 42.7 15.6 3.2 −20.0 5.0
104 TRNP (cow) molar na na modern 20.4 42.3 15.5 3.2 −20.8 4.7