Table 1.
Baseline characteristics before and after propensity score (PS) matching
| Patient Characteristics | Before PS Matching | After PS Matching† | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NAFLD | Non-NAFLD* | STD‡ | NAFLD cohort | Non-NAFLD cohort | STD‡ | ||||||
| n= 262,661 | n= 2,626,610 | n=262,619 | n= 769,878 | ||||||||
| Propensity score adjusted variables | Mean age, years (± SD) | 51 | (± 12.4) | 50.8 | (± 12.4) | 0.00 | 51 | (± 12.4) | 52 | (± 11.9) | −0.12 |
| Gender, n (%), male | 123,548 | 53.0 | 1,391,130 | 53.0 | 0.00 | 139,188 | 53.0 | 402,646 | 52.3 | 0.01 | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||||||||
| Hypertension | 128,257 | 48.8 | 747,040 | 28.4 | 0.40 | 128,158 | 48.8 | 380,320 | 49.4 | −0.01 | |
| Hyperlipidemia | 121,098 | 46.1 | 747,324 | 28.5 | 0.35 | 121,067 | 46.1 | 361,073 | 46.9 | −0.01 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 70,316 | 26.8 | 294,364 | 11.2 | 0.35 | 70,382 | 26.8 | 187,080 | 24.3 | 0.05 | |
| Obesity | 42,091 | 16.0 | 126,450 | 4.8 | 0.31 | 42,019 | 16.0 | 102,394 | 13.3 | 0.07 | |
| COPD | 38,400 | 14.6 | 226,302 | 8.6 | 0.17 | 38,342 | 14.6 | 106,243 | 13.8 | 0.02 | |
| Heart Failure | 9,092 | 3.5 | 49,220 | 1.9 | 0.09 | 9,192 | 3.5 | 24,636 | 3.2 | 0.01 | |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 10,921 | 4.2 | 64,037 | 2.4 | 0.09 | 11,030 | 4.2 | 31,565 | 4.1 | 0.00 | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 11,668 | 4.4 | 78,097 | 3.0 | 0.07 | 11,555 | 4.4 | 34,645 | 4.5 | 0.00 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 24,216 | 9.2 | 148,838 | 5.7 | 0.12 | 24,161 | 9.2 | 67,749 | 8.8 | 0.01 | |
| Baseline medication use, n (%) | |||||||||||
| ACEI | 55,440 | 21.1 | 350,859 | 13.4 | 0.19 | 55,413 | 21.1 | 158,595 | 20.6 | 0.01 | |
| ARB | 38,578 | 14.7 | 214,937 | 8.2 | 0.18 | 38,605 | 14.7 | 106,243 | 13.8 | 0.02 | |
| Mean outpatient visits, (± SD) | 18 | (± 17.0) | 12.0 | (± 13.8) | 0.35 | 17 | (± 12.4) | 15 | (± 16.6) | 0.18 | |
| Mean inpatient visits, (± SD) | 0.2 | (± 0.7) | 0.1 | (± 0.4) | 0.16 | 0.2 | (± 0.7) | 0.2 | (± 0.6) | 0.04 | |
| Propensity score unadjusted variables† | Liver severity, n (%) | ||||||||||
| Cirrhosis | 7,726 | 2.9 | 3,951 | 0.2 | 0.17 | 7,616 | 2.9 | 1,540 | 0.2 | 0.16 | |
| Decompensated cirrhosis | 7,436 | 2.8 | 9,115 | 0.4 | 0.15 | 7,353 | 2.8 | 4,619 | 0.6 | 0.13 | |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | 785 | 0.3 | 843 | 0.03 | 0.50 | 788 | 0.3 | 770 | 0.1 | 0.05 | |
Abbreviations: PS propensity score, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ACEI angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, ARB angiotensin II receptor blockers.
*
10 controls without NAFLD were matched on age, sex, and index date with each NAFLD subject.
†
Propensity Score matching did not include liver-related comorbidities, instead these covariates were adjusted as covariates in the Cox regression model.
‡
The standardized difference in % is difference in means or proportions divided by standard error; imbalance defined as absolute value greater than 0.20 (small effect size)