Table 2.
Incidence rate and hazard ratio for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in NAFLD compared to non- NAFLD patients, primary analysis and subanalyses by age and gender
| NAFLD Status | No of patients | Person years | No of events | Crude incidence per 1000 person-years | Adjusted HR of CKD (95% CI) | P-value*** | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline covariates adjusted* | Baseline and time-varying covariates adjusted** | |||||||
| Primary analysis | NAFLD | 262,619 | 707,310 | 5,766 | 8.2 | 1.41 (1.36, 1.46) | 1.58 (1.52, 1.66) | |
| Non-NAFLD | 769,878 | 1,572,889 | 8,655 | 5.5 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Age | ||||||||
| 18–49 | NAFLD | 113,293 | 303,861 | 798 | 2.6 | 1.49 (1.35, 1.65) | 1.66 (1.47, 1.88) | <0.001 |
| Non-NAFLD | 317,052 | 651,841 | 915 | 1.4 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 50–59 | NAFLD | 87,991 | 249,790 | 1,930 | 7.7 | 1.48 (1.39, 1.57) | 1.60 (1.47, 1.73) | |
| Non-NAFLD | 260,349 | 576,143 | 2,489 | 4.3 | Reference | Reference | ||
| >= 60 | NAFLD | 61,228 | 153,443 | 3,031 | 19.8 | 1.31 (1.25, 1.37) | 1.56 (1.47, 1.67) | |
| Non-NAFLD | 183,558 | 369,791 | 5,241 | 14.2 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | NAFLD | 123,527 | 328,401 | 3,074 | 9.4 | 1.58 (1.50, 1.66) | 1.70 (1.59, 1.81) | 0.001 |
| Non-NAFLD | 366,955 | 746,076 | 3,989 | 5.3 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Female | NAFLD | 139,064 | 378,858 | 2,690 | 7.1 | 1.33 (1.26, 1.40) | 1.47 (1.38, 1.58) | |
| Non-NAFLD | 401,258 | 817,245 | 4,313 | 5.3 | Reference | Reference | ||
Abbreviations: NAFLD Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, CKD chronic kidney disease, CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio
Adjusted for age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin II receptor blockers, mean number of outpatient visits, and mean number of inpatient visits, cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Time varying covariates include age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin II receptor blockers, cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
P-value for interaction