Table 4.

Incidence rate and hazard ratio for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in NAFLD compared to non-NAFLD patients in predefined subgroups at baseline

Study population	NAFLD Status	No. of Patients	Person-years	CKD events	Crude Incidence of CKD (per 1,000 person-years)	Baseline covariates adjusted HR of CKD (95% CI)*	P-value**
Hypertension	NAFLD	128,112	332,740	4,010	12.1	1.28 (1.23, 1.33)	<0.001
	Non-NAFLD	365,885	713,929	6,481	9.1	Reference
Non-hypertension	NAFLD	134,370	374,267	1,749	4.7	1.82 (1.70, 1.94)
	Non-NAFLD	398,161	808,240	2,041	2.5	Reference
Hyperlipidemia	NAFLD	120,954	317,513	2,825	8.9	1.28 (1.22, 1.34)	<0.001
	Non-NAFLD	347,468	683,110	4,590	6.7	Reference
Non-hyperlipidemia	NAFLD	141,506	389,505	2,933	7.5	1.57 (1.50, 1.66)
	Non-NAFLD	418,128	878,664	4,242	4.8	Reference
Diabetes	NAFLD	70,140	181,679	2,977	16.4	1.17 (1.11, 1.22)	<0.001
	Non-NAFLD	194227	378,702	5,140	13.6	Reference
Non-diabetes	NAFLD	192,304	525,282	2,784	5.3	1.79 (1.70, 1.88)
	Non-NAFLD	573,935	1,179,699	3,690	3.1	Reference
Obesity	NAFLD	41,695	96,048	716	7.5	1.08 (0.98, 1.19)	<0.001
	Non-NAFLD	101,515	174,882	1,193	6.8	Reference
Non-obesity	NAFLD	220,552	610,486	5,048	8.3	1.44 (1.39, 1.50)
	Non-NAFLD	660,040	1,378,129	7,731	5.6	Reference
Cirrhosis	NAFLD	3,951	9,723	325	33.4	1.48 (1.21, 1.81)	0.277
	Non-NAFLD	3,951	6,557	143	21.8	Reference
Non-cirrhosis	NAFLD	254,896	688,588	5,081	7.4	1.41 (1.36, 1.46)
	Non-NAFLD	748,916	1,523,273	8,233	5.4	Reference

Abbreviations: NAFLD Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, CKD chronic kidney disease, CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio

^*Adjusted for age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin II receptor blockers, mean number of outpatient visits, and mean number of inpatient visits, cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

^**P-value for interaction