Fig. 7.

Experimental tests typically used to quantify the failure properties of aortas: (a) bone-shaped specimen for a uniaxial tensile test with load F; (b) bulge inflation test with pressure load p; (c) peeling test; (d) trouser test, as used in, e.g., Purslow [107]; (e) direct tension test to quantify radial strength, as used in, e.g., Sommer et al. [130,131]; (f) in-plane shear test with the sheared plane indicated in gray, as used in, e.g., Sommer et al. [131]. Black arrows and dashed lines indicate the load direction and the incision, respectively. Tests (a), (c), (d) and (f) can be performed in any tissue direction in the tangential plane.