Table 1.
Background Characteristics, Health Risk and Promoting Factors, and Health Outcomes by HIV Status.
| HIV (unweighted n = 371) |
Non-HIV (unweighted n = 973) |
|
|---|---|---|
| M or % [95% CI] | M or % [95% CI] | |
| Background characteristics | ||
| Age | 58.23 [57.25, 59.21]*** | 63.38 [62.47, 64.28] |
| Sexual orientation: Gay | 86.47% [79.26, 91.45]† | 81.15% [75.58, 85.69] |
| Income: ≤200% Poverty | 48.44% [40.06, 56.91]*** | 21.65% [17.56, 26.39] |
| Education: High school or less | 45.31% [36.89, 54.01]*** | 21.96% [72.30, 82.88] |
| Race/ethnicity: Non-Hispanic White | 59.64% [51.01, 67.72]*** | 87.31% [83.30, 90.47] |
| Health risk and promoting factors | ||
| Historical & environmental | ||
| LGBT-related lifetime discrimination | 2.27 [1.77, 2.78] | 1.69 [1.34, 2.03] |
| LGBT-related lifetime victimization | 7.11 [5.94, 8.28]† | 5.19 [4.59, 5.79] |
| LGBT-related micro-aggressions | 1.42 [1.24, 1.60] | 1.19 [1.10, 1.27] |
| Day-to-day discrimination | 0.95 [0.80, 1.10] | 0.90 [0.79, 1.01] |
| Psychological | ||
| LGBT identity affirmation | 5.09 [4.94, 5.25] | 5.16 [5.06, 5.25] |
| LGBT identity stigma | 1.80 [1.63, 1.97]† | 1.62 [1.52, 1.71] |
| Resilience | 3.94 [3.75, 4.13]* | 4.28 [4.16, 4.40] |
| Spirituality | 3.96 [3.66, 4.26]† | 3.61 [3.44, 3.79] |
| Anxiety: ever | 42.60% [34.45, 51.17]*** | 21.89% [17.69, 26.76] |
| Behavioral | ||
| Current smoking | 21.37% [14.82, 29.80] | 12.27% [8.94, 16.61] |
| Physical activities | 81.78% [74.34, 87.43] | 81.25% [76.83, 84.99] |
| Social | ||
| Social support | 2.42 [2.22, 2.62]* | 2.72 [2.59, 2.84] |
| LGBT community engagement | 4.03 [3.86, 4.21]* | 3.80 [3.68, 3.92] |
| Partnered/married | 34.95% [27.01, 43.82]*** | 52.19% [46.89, 57.44] |
| Death of a partner | 43.77% [35.60, 52.28]*** | 29.76% [25.19, 34.76] |
| Biological | ||
| Number of chronic health conditions | 1.98 [1.66, 2.30]** | 1.66 [1.51, 1.82] |
| Drug addiction diagnosed ever | 11.38% [6.56, 19.02]** | 2.20% [0.94, 5.07] |
| Alcoholism diagnosed ever | 13.46% [8.28, 21.14] | 7.73% [5.10, 11.55] |
| Health outcomes | ||
| Poor general health | 3.15 [2.99, 3.31]*** | 2.62 [2.51, 2.73] |
| Depressive symptomatology | 11.20 [9.90, 12.50]*** | 7.19 [6.44, 7.94] |
Note. Statistical significance was tested with the ordinary least squares regressions and logistic regressions. Each variable was regressed on HIV status and age as a covariate. Age and HIV was analyzed on a bivariate level. LGBT = lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender; CI = confidence interval.
†
p < .10.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.
***
p < .001.