Table 1.
Characteristics of the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)‐positive and ‐negative groups
| Variables | H. pylori‐positive (N = 496) | H. pylori‐negative (N = 257) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y (mean ± SD) | 47.1 ± 12.6 | 48.1 ± 10.2 | 0.259 |
| Sex, n (male/female) | 236/260 | 127/130 | 0.633 |
| Season, n (spring/summer/autumn/winter) | 266/38/25/167 | 144/15/12/86 | 0.794 |
| Occupation, n (outdoor/indoor worker) | 263/233 | 147/110 | 0.275 |
| Vitamin D (25[OH]D), ng/mL (mean ± SD) | 17.0 ± 6.9 | 19.2 ± 8.0 | 0.000 |
SD, standard deviation; 25(OH)D, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D.