Table 2.
Summary of the 44 mosquito species from which Cache Valley virus (CVV) was detected in at least one sample (47 studies) across 52 observational studies or which were evaluated in 12 experimental studies
| Mosquito species | Total | Observational studies | Experimental studies | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Studies | No. of Studies (# reporting CVV) |
CVV Strains isolated |
No. of Studies | Competence description | |
| Aedes aegypti | 5 | 4 (0) | 1 | ||
| Aedes albopictus | 9 | 7 (3) | IL95−1704 | 2 | Disseminated infection in 1.2% of mosquitoes. No transovarial transmission |
| Aedes cantator | 7 | 7 (1) | 0 | ||
| Aedes cinereus | 12 | 11 (2) | 0 | ||
| Aedes japonicus | 5 | 4 (3) | 1 | Able to transmit the virus. After a 14‐day incubation, CVV was present in 28% of saliva samples | |
| Aedes scapularis | 6 | 5 (2) | TR 20659a | 1 | Able to transmit CVV to mice1 |
| BeAr 7272b | |||||
| Aedes sollicitans | 17 | 16 (6) | M273/61 | 1 | Able to transmit CVV to mice |
| M291/61 | |||||
| M303/61 | |||||
| M424/61 | |||||
| M515/61 | |||||
| M1724/63 | |||||
| Aedes taeniorhynchus | 14 | 13 (8) | 63B10 | 1 | Able to transmit CVV to mice |
| 63B54 | |||||
| 63B84 | |||||
| 63B141 | |||||
| CVV−478 | |||||
| CVV−390 | |||||
| CVV−213 | |||||
| CVV−078 | |||||
| CVV−002 | |||||
| M517/61 | |||||
| M1727/63 | |||||
| M1728/63 | |||||
| M2410/64 | |||||
| M2522/64 | |||||
| Tr48736 | |||||
| Aedes trivittatus | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Aedes vexans | 28 | 27 (6) | SMIS 708 | 1 | Able to transmit CVV to mice |
| Anopheles albimanus | 4 | 4 (1) | 61C1 | 0 | |
| Anopheles crucians complex | 2 | 2 (1) | M600/61 | 0 | |
| Anopheles freeborni | 2 | 2 (1) | 0 | ||
| Anopheles grabhami | 1 | 1 (1) | J 7998 | 0 | |
| Anopheles punctipennis | 19 | 18 (6) | AR 4381 | 1 | Able to transmit CVV to mice |
| Anopheles quadrimaculatus | 21 | 17 (6) | AR 531 | 3 | Able to transmit CVV to mice |
| Anopheles walkeri | 10 | 10 (2) | 0 | ||
| Coquillettidia perturbans | 20 | 18 (4) | 2 | Able to transmit to mice and rabbits | |
| Coquillettidia venezuelensis c | 4d | 3 (0) | 1 | Maintained virus for at least 10 daysa | |
| Culex corniger | 3 | 2 (0) | 1 | Maintained virus for at least 22 daysa | |
| Culex fatigans | 2 | 1 (0) | 1 | No transovarial transmission | |
| Culex nigripalpus | 8d | 7 (0) | 1 | Able to transmit CVV to micea | |
| Culex pilosus | 1 | 1 (0) | 1 | ||
| Culex pipiens | 13 | 12 (1) | 1 | ||
| Culex quinquefasciatus | 7 | 6 (0) | 1 | Able to transmit CVV to mice after the 4th passagea | |
| Culex restuans | 15 | 15 (1) | 0 | ||
| Culex salinarius | 15 | 15 (2) | 0 | ||
| Culex tarsalis | 16 | 16 (3) | WMC 72 WMC 216 | 0 | |
| Culiseta inornata | 22 | 21 (8) | 6V−633 | Able to transmit CVV to mice. Demonstrated a low level of transovarial transmission | |
| OM 123 | |||||
| SMIS 381 | |||||
| SM 43 | |||||
| SMIS 436 | |||||
| SMIS 483 | |||||
| SMIS 833 | |||||
| SMIS 1035 | |||||
| SMIS 976 | |||||
| SMIS 1057 | |||||
| SMIS 1049 | |||||
| SMIS 160 | |||||
| SMIS 679 | |||||
| SMIS 735 | |||||
| SMIS 662 | |||||
| WM165 | |||||
| WM‐247‐71 | |||||
| Culiseta melanura | 9 | 9 (1) | 0 | ||
| Mansonia arribalzagai | 1 | 0 (0) | 1 | Maintained virus for at least 10 daysa | |
| Mansonia perturbans | 1 | 1 (1) | 0 | ||
| Mansonia titillans | 4 | 4 (1) | 61D240 | 0 | |
| Ochlerotatus canadensis | 17 | 17 (3) | 0 | ||
| Ochlerotatus communis | 8 | 7 (0) | 1 | No infection and did not transmit to mice | |
| Ochlerotatus dorsalis | 14 | 14 (3) | 0 | ||
| Ochlerotatus fitchii | 6 | 6 (1) | 85‐0708 | 0 | |
| Ochlerotatus serratus | 3 | 2 (0) | 1 | The virus had difficulty propagating. Low level of transmission to micea | |
| Ochlerotatus sticticus | 9 | 8 (0) | 1 | Low level of infection demonstrated and did not transmit to mice | |
| Ochlerotatus stimulans | 10 | 10 (1) | 0 | ||
| Ochlerotatus triseriatus | 20 | 18 (4) | Ar‐560‐79 | 2 | No infection demonstrated and did not transmit to mice |
| Ochlerotatus trivittatus | 17 | 17 (5) | 0 | ||
| Psorophora cingulata | 2d | 2 (2) | BT‐2368 | 0 | |
| Psorophora ferox | 14d | 14 (2) | AR 4249 | 0 | |
| Aedes/Ochlerotatus genus, species not specified | 14d | 14 (1) | 0 | ||
| Anopheles genus, species not specified | 6d | 6 (1) | 0 | ||
| Genus and species not specified | 13 | 13 (4) | 0 | ||
Isolate TR 20659 was isolated in Trinidad 1958 and was originally classified as CVV, but is now considered indistinguishable from BeAR7272 which is a Maguari virus isolate (Downs et al., 1961; Groseth et al., 2017).
Isolate BeAr 7272 was isolated in Brazil in 1954 and was originally classified as antigenically indistinguishable from CVV isolate 6V‐633 {634 Casals}, but has since been reclassified as Maguari virus (Groseth et al., 2017). This isolate came from a pool of mixed species: Aedes scapularis, Ae. serratus, Ae. sexlineatus, Mansonia sp., P. ferox.
Mosquito Coquillettidia venezuelensis has also been referred to as Mansonia venezuelensis in studies from the 1960s (Aitken & Spence, 1963; Peralta et al., 1966; Galindo, Srihongse, De Rodaniche, & Grayson,1966).
The isolate in one study included in this data set (Peralta et al., 1966) was confirmed as CVV using two isolates TR20659 and BeAr 7272 now categorized as Maguari virus.