Table 2.
Annual carbon fluxes for the historical period. Unless specified otherwise, emissions fluxes reflect the combined emissions from all ecosystem carbon pools (e.g., living biomass, litter, standing deadwood, down deadwood, and soil). Values represent the mean, minimum, and maximum annual values for the period 2001–2015
| Transition group | Flow | From stock | To stock | Mean | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Automatic flows | Growth | Atmosphere | Living biomass | 145.2 | 63.5 | 209.8 |
| Litterfall | Living biomass | Litter | 105 | 87.2 | 118.1 | |
| Mortality | Living biomass | Standing deadwood | 10.6 | 9.9 | 11 | |
| Deadfall | Standing deadwood | Down deadwood | 13.2 | 12.5 | 14.3 | |
| Decay | Down deadwood | Litter | 14.1 | 13.6 | 14.4 | |
| Decomposition | Litter | Soil | 62.2 | 56.2 | 66.5 | |
| Emission (biomass) | Living biomass | Atmosphere | 9.2 | 8.7 | 9.5 | |
| Emission (litter) | Litter | Atmosphere | 58.1 | 51.3 | 62.1 | |
| Emission (soil) | Soil | Atmosphere | 62.3 | 57.3 | 67.1 | |
| Leaching | Soil | Aquatic | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | |
| Harvest (grain) | Living biomass | Ag products | 9.8 | 6.4 | 13.9 | |
| Harvest (straw) | Living biomass | Ag products | 6.9 | 3.8 | 10 | |
| Ag expansion | Emission | All pools | Atmosphere | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.9 |
| Harvest | Living biomass | Wood products | 0.1 | 0 | 0.2 | |
| Urbanization | Emission | All pools | Atmosphere | 0.7 | 0.2 | 1.8 |
| Harvest | Living biomass | Wood products | 0.1 | 0 | 0.4 | |
| Clear‐cut harvest | Emission | All pools | Atmosphere | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.7 |
| Harvest | Living biomass | Wood products | 3.2 | 0.9 | 5.6 | |
| Mortality | Living biomass | Deadwood | 1.6 | 0.4 | 2.8 | |
| Selection harvest | Harvest | Living biomass | Wood products | 0.7 | 0.1 | 1.3 |
| Orchard removal | Emission | All pools | Atmosphere | 0.5 | 0 | 2.2 |
| Fire | Emission | All pools | Atmosphere | 4 | 0.3 | 15.2 |
| Mortality | Living biomass | Deadwood | 2.7 | 0.2 | 11 | |
| Drought | Mortality | Living biomass | Deadwood | 3.2 | 0.6 | 17.3 |