Figure 1.

The association between tobacco use and psychotic symptoms prior to the administration of medication. Smokers exhibited higher PANSS positive scores (PANSSp), PANSS general psychopathology scores (PANSSg), PANSS total scores (PANSSall), and BPRS scores compared with nonsmokers. The PANSS negative scores (PANSSn) did not differ between smokers and nonsmokers. “+” represented mean. The bar represented min and max scores, and the box represented upper quartile, median, and lower quartile. *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001