Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| Placebo (n = 32) | Vitamin K 200 μg (n = 32) | Vitamin K 400 μg (n = 31) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age, y (SD) | 75.0 (6.9) | 74.7 (7.4) | 75.1 (6.5) |
| Female sex (%) | 18 (56) | 21 (66) | 19 (61) |
| Median number of falls in last year (IQR) | 3 (2‐7) | 3 (2‐6) | 3 (2‐4) |
| Uses walking aid (%) | 21 (66) | 15 (47) | 12 (39) |
| Previous myocardial infarction (%) | 2 (6) | 1 (3) | 1 (3) |
| Chronic heart failure (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) |
| Parkinsonian syndrome (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Previous stroke (%) | 2 (6) | 2 (6) | 3 (10) |
| Hypertension (%) | 17 (53) | 15 (47) | 18 (58) |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 6 (19) | 1 (3)* | 8 (26) |
| Peripheral neuropathy (%) | 4 (13) | 1 (3) | 2 (6) |
| Previous fragility fracture (%) | 8 (25) | 14 (44) | 12 (39) |
| Osteoarthritis (%) | 15 (47) | 19 (59) | 18 (58) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (%) | 4 (13) | 7 (22) | 6 (19) |
| Cataracts (%) | 9 (28) | 15 (47) | 12 (39) |
| Retinopathy (%) | 2 (6) | 1 (3) | 3 (10) |
| Median no. of medications (IQR) | 5 (4‐8) | 6 (3‐10) | 6 (4‐9) |
| ACEi/ARB (%) | 14 (44) | 12 (38) | 12 (39) |
| Other antihypertensive or antianginal (%) | 13 (41) | 14 (44) | 15 (48) |
| Vitamin D or analog (%) | 4 (13) | 12 (38)* | 12 (39)* |
| Bisphosphonate (%) | 1 (3) | 5 (16) | 5 (16) |
| Antidepressant (%) | 8 (25) | 8 (25) | 7 (23) |
| Hypnotic (%) | 5 (16) | 0 (0)* | 1 (3) |
| Opioid (%) | 13 (41) | 10 (31) | 8 (26) |
| Mean body mass index, kg/m2 (SD) | 29.7 (4.7) | 29.4 (5.1) | 30.8 (7.9) |
| Anteroposterior sway, cm (SD) | 2.74 (1.01) | 2.95 (.88) | 2.93 (1.21) |
Abbreviations: ACEi, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation.
*P < .05 compared with placebo.