Table 2.
Patient Demographics and Baseline Characteristics
| Placebo (n = 81) |
Oliceridine Demand Dose Regimen | Morphine Regimen 1 mg (n = 83) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.1 mg (n = 77) | 0.35 mg (n = 80) | 0.5 mg (n = 80) | |||
| Gender, n (%) | |||||
| Male | 0 | 1 (1.3) | 0 | 0 | 2 (2.4) |
| Female | 81 (100.0) | 76 (98.7) | 80 (100.0) | 80 (100.0) | 81 (97.6) |
| Mean age, years (SD) | 42.2 (10.3) | 41.8 (10.6) | 42.0 (10.0) | 40.4 (10.0) | 40.4 (10.4) |
| Mean BMI, kg/m2 (SD) | 27.0 (3.5) | 28.0 (3.4) | 27.6 (3.0) | 27.0 (3.2) | 26.8 (3.3) |
| BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, n (%) | 17 (20.9) | 25 (32.5) | 16 (20) | 12 (15) | 12 (14.5) |
| Race, n (%) | |||||
| White | 52 (64.2) | 45 (58.4) | 55 (68.8) | 50 (62.5) | 55 (66.3) |
| Black/African American | 27 (33.3) | 24 (31.2) | 22 (27.5) | 28 (35.0) | 24 (28.9) |
| American Indian/Alaska native | 0 | 1 (1.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Asian | 1 (1.2) | 3 (3.9) | 2 (2.5) | 1 (1.3) | 2 (2.4) |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 0 | 2 (2.6) | 0 | 0 | 1 (2.2) |
| Other | 1 (1.2) | 2 (2.6) | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.2) |
| Mean surgery duration, min (SD) | 75.7 (19.4) | 72.9 (16.3) | 77.9 (17.8) | 74.3 (18.4) | 76.7 (18.3) |
| Mean baseline pain score (SD)* | 7.2 (1.4) | 7.4 (1.4) | 7.4 (1.6) | 7.5 (1.6) | 7.3 (1.5) |
| Baseline categorical pain rating, n (%)† | |||||
| Mild | 1 (1.2) | 0 | 0 | 2 (2.6) | 0 |
| Moderate | 41 (50.6) | 35 (45.5) | 36 (45.6) | 34 (44.2) | 43 (53.1) |
| Severe | 39 (48.1) | 42 (54.5) | 43 (54.4) | 41 (53.2) | 38 (46.9) |
| Apfel risk score, n (%)† , ‡ | |||||
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 1 (1.2) | 3 (3.9) | 4 (5.0) | 7 (8.8) | 5 (6.0) |
| 3 | 67 (82.7) | 57 (74.0) | 60 (75.0) | 66 (82.5) | 67 (80.7) |
| 4 | 13 (16.0) | 17 (22.1) | 16 (20.0) | 7 (8.8) | 11 (13.3) |
*Patients self‐rated pain on a scale from 0 = no pain to 10 = worst pain imaginable.
†Percentages based on the total number of patients who responded; 3 patients were missing baseline pain scores in the oliceridine 0.5 mg regimen, 2 were missing scores in the morphine regimen, and 1 was missing scores in the oliceridine 0.35 mg regimen.
‡The Apfel score assesses a patient's risk for postoperative nausea and vomiting based on known risk factors. The total score ranges from 0 to 4, with higher scores indicating greater risk, and is the sum of positive responses to the following questions: is the patient female; does the patient have a history of postoperative nausea, vomiting, or motion sickness; is the patient a nonsmoker; and does the patient have postoperative opioid use. In this study, all patients were considered as having postoperative opioid use.
BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation.