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. 2019 Nov 13;2019(11):CD013478. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013478

4. Estimated total dollar value of intervention programmes at each HMO1.

Intervention Total expenditure on drugs evaluated in the study (USD) Cost of
intervention (USD)
Change in expenditure2
Before the intervention After the intervention USD Per cent
Regulation of drug reimbursement (HMO A) 190,923 148,698 5040 −37,185 −19.5
Educational materials on prescribing for physicians and clients (HMO B) 1,136,586 1,230,056 5517 98,987 8.7
Educational materials on prescribing for physicians (HMO C) 2,000,570 2,100,285 7539 107,254 5.4
No intervention (HMO D) 1,644,460 1,712,996 NA 68,536 4.2

1This table is from Benedetto 2000, p1784

2 Change in expenditure was calculated by adding the total cost in the postintervention period to the cost of the intervention, and then subtracting the total cost of the study drugs during the pre‐intervention period