Table 3.
Percentages of children within the borderline range and above the clinical cutoff on behavior outcome measures
| CBCL | All children, n = 181 | VPA, n = 26 | CBZ, n = 37 | LTG, n = 88 | LEV, n = 30 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mother/father | Mother/father | Mother/father | Mother/father | Mother/father | ||||||
| Borderline | Clinical | Borderline | Clinical | Borderline | Clinical | Borderline | Clinical | Borderline | Clinical | |
| Anxious/depressed | 8.4%/6.3% | 7.3%/4.2% | 4%/9.1% | 12%/9.1% | 8.1%/14.3% | 5.4%/3.6% | 10.2%/4.3% | 6.8%/2.9% | 7.1%/0% | 7.1%/4.2% |
| Withdrawn | 16.9%/10.4% | 3.9%/4.2% | 28%/4.5% | 0%/9.1% | 13.5%/10.7% | 2.7%/0% | 18.2%/10.0% | 4.5%/4.3% | 7.1%/16.7% | 7.1%/4.2% |
| Somatic complaint | 9.0%/10.4% | 7.9%/3.5% | 8%/9.1% | 8%/4.5% | 8.1%/7.1% | 10.8%/10.7% | 10.2%/14.3% | 8.0%/1.4% | 7.1%/4.2% | 3.6%/0% |
| Social problems | 6.7%/9.0% | 6.7%/3.5% | 8%/9.1% | 16%/13.6 | 2.7%/10.7% | 5.4%/0% | 10.2%/10.0% | 4.5%/1.4% | 0%/4.2% | 7.1%/4.2% |
| Thought problems | 10.1%/6.3% | 6.7/4.2% | 8%/9.1% | 8%/4.5% | 8.1%/3.6% | 10.8%/7.1% | 11.4%/7.1% | 5.7%/2.9% | 10.7%/4.2% | 3.6%/4.2% |
| Attention problems | 8.4%/3.5% | 3.9%/1.4% | 20%/4.5% | 4%/4.5% | 5.4%/3.6% | 0%/0% | 5.7%/4.3% | 6.8%/1.4% | 10.7%/0% | 0%/0% |
| Delinquent behavior | 2.8%/6.3% | 3.4%/4.9% | 8%/9.1% | 0%/9.1% | 0%/7.1% | 2.7%/3.6% | 3.4%/4.3% | 4.5%/4.3% | 0%/8.3% | 3.6%/4.2% |
| Aggressive behavior | 6.7%/10.4% | 8.4%/3.5% | 8%/9.1% | 12%/0% | 10.8%/14.3% | 2.7%/7.1% | 5.7%/10.0% | 9.1%/2.9% | 3.6%/8.3% | 10.7%/4.2% |
| Internalizing problems | 13.5%/7.6% | 23.6%/18.1% | 16%/0% | 20%/27.3% | 13.5%/0% | 18.9%/21.4% | 14.8%/10.0% | 27.3%/15.7% | 7.1%/16.7% | 21.4%/12.5% |
| Externalizing problems | 10.7%/9.0% | 16.9%/14.6% | 4%/13.6% | 24%/18.2% | 24.3%/7.1% | 13.5%/21.4% | 9.1%/10.0% | 15.9%/11.4% | 3.6%/4.2% | 17.9%/12.5% |
| Total problem behavior | 15.2%/9.0% | 17.4%/17.4% | 8%/9.1% | 32%/27.3% | 27.0%/7.1% | 13.5%/21.4% | 14.8%/8.6% | 15.9%/15.7% | 7.1%/12.5% | 14.3%/8.3% |
| SEV | Subclinical | Clinical | Subclinical | Clinical | Subclinical | Clinical | Subclinical | Clinical | Subclinical | Clinical |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADHD total | 5.1%/3.5% | 5.1%/2.1% | 3.8%/8.7% | 3.8%/0% | 5.6%/7.1% | 2.8%/0% | 6.9%/2.9% | 5.7%/1.5% | 0%/4.2% | 7.1%/0% |
| ADHD attention deficit | 2.3%/0.7% | 4.0%/2.8% | 7.7%/0% | 3.8%/4.3% | 0%/3.6% | 2.8%/0% | 2.3%/0% | 4.6%/4.4% | 0%/0% | 3.6%/0% |
| ADHD hyperactivity | 7.3%/3.5% | 9.6%/4.9% | 11.5%/4.3% | 7.7%/0% | 5.6%/3.6% | 11.1%/7.1% | 6.9%/4.4% | 11.5%/5.9% | 7.1%/0% | 3.6%/4.2% |
| ADHD impulsivity | 3.4%/1.4% | 4.5%/2.8% | 3.8%/0% | 0%/0% | 5.6%/3.6% | 2.8%/7.1% | 3.4%/1.5% | 5.7%/1.5% | 0%/0% | 7.1%/4.2% |
| Social problem behavior | 5.1%/2.8% | 10.7%/6.3% | 11.5%/0% | 7.7%/4.3% | 5.6%/10.7% | 5.6%/0% | 3.4%/5.9% | 12.6%/5.9% | 3.6%/0% | 14.3%/4.2% |
| ODD | 6.2%/7.0% | 8.5%/4.2% | 11.5%/8.7% | 3.8%/0% | 8.3%/7.1% | 2.8%/3.6% | 4.6%/8.8% | 11.5%/5.9% | 3.6%/0% | 10.7%/4.2% |
| CD aggression | 8.5%/2.8% | 9.6%/7.0% | 3.8%/4.3% | 23%/8.7% | 13.9%/0% | 5.6%/10.7% | 8.0%/4.4% | 6.9%/4.4% | 7.1%/0% | 10.7%/8.3% |
| CD antisocial | 9.6%/8.4% | 11.3%/7.0% | 11.5%/17.4% | 11.5%/4.3% | 16.7%/3.6% | 5.6%/10.7% | 9.2%/8.8% | 12.6%/4.4% | 0%/4.2% | 14.3%/12.5% |
| Anxiety total | 7.3%/2.8% | 4.5%/1.4% | 3.8%/4.3% | 3.8%/4.3% | 5.6%/3.6% | 0%/0% | 9.2%/1.5% | 5.7%/1.5% | 7.1%/4.2% | 7.1%/0% |
| General anxiety | 5.6%/7.0% | 5.6%/0.7% | 3.8%/8.7% | 3.8%/4.3% | 8.3%/10.7% | 2.8%/0% | 5.7%/7.4% | 6.9%/0% | 3.6%/0% | 7.1%/0% |
| Social anxiety | 6.8%/2.1% | 6.8%/2.8% | 7.7%/0% | 0%/4.3% | 11.1%/3.6% | 5.6%/0% | 4.6%/1.5% | 8.0%/2.9% | 7.1%/4.2% | 10.7%/4.2% |
| Anxious depressed | 6.8%/6.3% | 5.1%/0.7% | 7.7%/13% | 7.7%/4.3% | 0%/3.6% | 0%/0% | 10.3%/2.9% | 4.6%/0% | 3.6%/12.5% | 10.7%/0% |
| Autistic behavior | 4.5%/4.9% | 4.0%/1.4% | 3.8%/4.3% | 7.7%/4.3% | 8.3%/7.1% | 0%/3.6% | 4.6%/2.9% | 4.6%/0% | 0%/8.3% | 3.6%/0% |
Abbreviations: ADHD, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder; CBCL, Child Behavior Checklist; CBZ, carbamazepine; CD, conduct disorder; LEV, levetiracetam; LTG, lamotrigine; ODD, oppositional defiant disorder; SEV, Social Emotional Questionnaire; VPA, valproate.