Fig. 2.

Establishing a working concentration range for Yoda-1. (A) HUVEC were exposed to a concentration range, between 100 µM and 0.1 µM, of Yoda or with the appropriate DMSO vehicle control for 1, 4 or 24 h. Cell death was quantified using an ATP luminescence commercial kit. (B) HUVEC were stimulated with Yoda-1 for 24 h then incubated with a cell viability dye (blue) prior to fixation. To visualise the nuclei and junctions, cells were incubated with bisbenzimide (red) and anti-VE cadherin (green), respectively. Representative confocal images shown. Scale bar = 20 μm. Three independent experiments with three random fields of view (FOV) were quantified per treatment, and % dead cells were normalised against 0.2% (v/v) Triton x 100 treatment. (C–D) Yoda-1-treated HUVEC were imaged and nuclei/FOV counted per treatment. Six random FOV were quantified for each individual repeat. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)