Fig. 6.

Yoda-1 and laminar shear stress increase endothelial cytotoxicity in response to doxorubicin. (A) HUVEC were either placed under 5 dyn/cm² or low flow conditions (see materials and methods for description) for 24 h prior to the addition of 1 µM doxorubicin. Constant flow then continued for a further 24 h. Representative confocal images of stained nuclei are shown (Scale bar = 100 μm). Per condition 6 random fields of view were selected and imaged through confocal microscopy. Data represent the number of nuclei present in the field of view (FOV) as a percentage of the appropriate no doxorubicin control. Each circular point represents one independent experimental repeat recorded on a different day. Dashed line indicates normalisation. Two-tailed non-paired t-test conducted, **P < 0.001. (B) HUVEC were grown either with 1 μM Yoda-1 or the DMSO (vehicle) control for 24 h, then challenged with doxorubicin for a further 24 h. Yoda-1 or DMSO was not removed during this period. HUVEC were then imaged as described above. Scale bar = 100 μm. Two tailed paired t-test conducted, **P < 0.001, ***P < 0.0001.