Figure 2.

Schematic overview of interorgan crosstalk between adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle, leading to muscle insulin resistance and decrease of muscle mass. Increased lipid deposition in visceral and ectopic fat depots include skeletal muscle and liver. Increased lipid levels may lead to a change in the secretion pattern of cytokines, which may lead to muscle insulin resistance and a decrease in muscle mass via interorgan crosstalk. Lipids and cytokines may also affect mitochondrial function and vascularization in skeletal muscle, which contributes to the problem. Full arrows indicate pathways discussed in this review. Broken arrows indicate pathways outside the scope of this review