Table 5.
Direct | Indirect | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reference | Association | Reference | Association | ||
GERD | |||||
GERD → cTW | 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 | Yes | |||
GERD → OFP | 37, 38, 39, 40 | Yes | GERD → TW → OFP | 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 | Yes |
GERD → OD | 29 | Yes | GERD → OD → TW | 42, 43 | Yes |
GERD → OD → TW | 44 | No | |||
GERD → OD → OFP | 29 | Yes | |||
GERD → OSAS | 51, 52, 53 | Yes | |||
GERD → SB | 65, 66, 67, 68 | Yes | GERD → SB → TW | 34 | No |
GERD → SB → TW | 35 | Yes | |||
GERD → SB → OFP | 34 | No | |||
GERD → SB → OFP | 35 | Yes | |||
Conclusions: GERD can be directly associated with chemical tooth wear, oro‐facial pain (irritation of the soft tissues of the oral cavity), oral dryness, OSAS, and sleep bruxism | Conclusions: GERD can be indirectly associated with tooth wear (through oral dryness and sleep bruxism) and oro‐facial pain (due to tooth wear, oral dryness, and sleep bruxism); opposite findings are revealed | ||||
OSAS | |||||
OSAS → OD | 28 | Yes | OSAS → OD → TW | 30, 31 | Yes |
OSAS → OD → TW → DP/HY | 17, 18, 19, 20 | yes | |||
OSAS → GERD | 51, 52, 54, 55 | Yes | OSAS → GERD → cTW | 51, 52, 54, 55 | yes |
OSAS → SB | 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 86 | Yes | OSAS → SB → mTW | 49 | yes |
OSAS → SB | 76 | No | |||
Conclusions: OSAS can be directly associated with oral dryness, GERD, and sleepbruxism | Conclusions: OSAS can be indirectly associated with tooth wear (through oral dryness), with chemical tooth wear (through GERD) with mechanical tooth wear (through sleep bruxism), and with oro‐facial pain (dental pain/hypersensitivity, through tooth wear) |
Abbreviations: →, association; cTW, chemical tooth wear; DP, dental pain; HY, hypersensitivity; mTW, mechanical tooth wear; OD, oral dryness; OFP, oro‐facial pain; SB, sleepbruxism; TW, tooth wear.