Table 2.
Estimates from difference‐in‐differences models of U.S. merchandise exports to sub‐Saharan Africa countries
| Variables of interest | U.S. merchandise exports | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Agricultural and livestock | Oil, gas, minerals, and ores | Manufacturing | Other | U.S. jobs | |
| Treatment Group 1 | −242.12* (134.59) | −52.41** (24.47) | 0.47 (1.10) | −177.72 (110.61) | −12.50 (12.78) | −1480.02* (793.37) |
| Treatment Group 2 | 533.78 (467.98) | 210.62 (164.59) | 1.89 (1.63) | 281.17 (259.39) | 40.41 (39.47) | 4092.17 (3376.03) |
| 2014 | 90.93*** (24.61) | 3.95 (4.29) | 3.27** (1.46) | 80.78*** (23.12) | 3.10 (4.82) | 344.85*** (107.97) |
| Post2014 | 73.08 (52.85) | 25.71 (16.24) | 2.41 (1.65) | 21.56 (49.55) | 23.85 (15.20) | 224.86 (277.62) |
| Treatment Group 1 × 2014 | −90.38*** (32.08) | 3.24 (2.48) | −2.74* (1.54) | −85.40*** (31.83) | −5.23 (4.80) | −414.49*** (130.07) |
| Treatment Group 1 × Post2014 | 49.05 (54.48) | 4.63** (2.35) | 1.16 (3.24) | 40.38 (54.73) | 3.10 (13.59) | 5.25 (162.34) |
| Treatment Group 2 × 2014 | −269.50** (118.82) | −149.33 (127.66) | 11.11 (9.15) | −5.34 (100.68) | −125.96 (110.04) | −1761.86 (1243.33) |
| Treatment Group 2 × Post2014 | −1447.67 (1142.19) | −282.42 (212.64) | 6.49 (4.28) | −854.50 (682.39) | −317.22 (256.49) | −3681.28* (2179.28) |
| U.S. currency value index | −9.28*** (2.66) | −1.18* (0.67) | −0.07 (0.09) | −5.95** (2.39) | −2.11*** (0.63) | −19.61 (15.55) |
| Partner country GDP per capita relative to U.S. | 1643.81 (1349.34) | 43.81 (50.16) | 4.01 (3.65) | 1573.99 (1287.51) | 23.21 (36.84) | 9829.41 (7681.30) |
| Partner country CPI relative to U.S. | −434.44 (290.88) | −128.19* (71.23) | 2.31 (2.22) | −272.61 (206.99) | −35.57 (40.63) | −2612.28* (1582.24) |
| N (country‐years) | 546 | 546 | 546 | 546 | 546 | 500 |
Note. Treatment Group 1 consists of three countries with epidemic transmission of 2014 Ebola: Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Treatment Group 2 consists of three countries with limited cases of 2014 Ebola: Mali, Nigeria, and Senegal. The comparison group consists of 40 sub‐Saharan Africa countries without cases of 2014 Ebola. Estimates obtained from linear models with clustering by country and year. All models include controls for country‐specific time trends (not shown). Standard errors in parentheses. Models of U.S. exports are based on data for 2005–2016. Model of U.S. jobs is based on data for 2005–2015. U.S. exports in constant 2016 USD (millions).
Statistically significant at 10% level.
Statistically significant at 5% level.
Statistically significant at 1% level.
Abbreviations: CPI, consumer price index; GDP, gross domestic product.