Table 4.
Associations between haemoglobin concentration and development at 4–6 years
| Variable | Each Hb time point entered in separate models | All Hb time points entered in one model | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted for child age at follow‐up β (95% CI) | Adjusted for baseline and other covariatesa β (95% CI) | Adjusted for child age at follow‐up β (95% CI) | Adjusted for baseline and other covariatesa β (95% CI) | R 2 for the model adjusted for baseline and other covariates | |
| Cognitive factor z‐score (N = 611) | |||||
| Haemoglobin at 6 months | −0.00 (−0.07, 0.07) | −0.02 (−0.09, 0.05) | −0.07 (−0.14,0.01) | −0.07 (−0.15, −0.00)b | 0.21 |
| Haemoglobin at 18 months | 0.13 ± (0.06, 0.20)c | 0.11 ± (0.04, 0.17)c | 0.15 ± (0.08,0.23)d | 0.14 (0.07, 0.21)d | |
| Haemoglobin at 4–6 years | 0.02 (−0.05, 0.08) | 0.00 (−0.07, 0.06) | 0.00(−0.07, 0.07) | 0.00 (−0.08, 0.05) | |
| Motor z‐score (N = 617) | |||||
| Haemoglobin at 6 months | −0.06 (−0.14, 0.01) | −0.03 (−0.11, 0.05) | −0.04 (−0.12, 0.04) | −0.01 (−0.09, 0.07) | 0.08 |
| Haemoglobin at 18 months | −0.06 (−0.14, 0.01) | −0.05 (−0.12, 0.02) | −0.04(−0.12, 0.04) | −0.04 (−0.12, 0.04) | |
| Haemoglobin at 4–6 years | −0.04 (−0.10, 0.03) | −0.03 (−0.10, 0.04) | −0.02 (−0.09, 0.05) | −0.02 (−0.09, 0.05) | |
| Social‐emotional difficulties z‐score (N = 617) | |||||
| Haemoglobin at 6 months | −0.02 (−0.10, 0.06) | −0.00 (−0.08, 0.07) | 0.00 (−0.09, 0.09) | −0.01 (−0.09, 0.08) | 0.23 |
| Haemoglobin at 18 months | −0.05 (−0.13, 0.03) | −0.01 (−0.08, 0.07) | −0.05 (−0.13, 0.04) | −0.01 (−0.09, 0.07) | |
| Haemoglobin at 4–6 years | −0.01 (−0.09, 0.07) | 0.02 (−0.05, 0.09) | −0.00 (−0.08, 0.08) | −0.02 (−0.05, 0.09) | |
Abbreviation: HOME, Home Observation for the Measurement of the Environment.
a
Adjusted for child age, sex, nulliparity, data collector, intervention group, baseline maternal age, education, height, pre‐pregnancy BMI, marital status, household asset score, household food insecurity index, family care indicator score at 18 months, HOME score, preschool attendance, maternal depressive symptoms, and maternal cognition at follow‐up.
b
p < .05.
c
p < .01.
d
p < .001.