Table 1.
A test for lag effects of changes in functional connectivity on changes in population sizes for eight waterfowl species, showing the performance of the best models and regression coefficients for predictors included in these models
| Model | Coefficient | Standard error | z | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lag 1 (N = 112, BIC = 319.9) | ||||
| (Intercept) | 0.175 | 0.253 | 0.691 | 0.490 |
| Changes in functional connectivity | 0.235 | 0.100 | 2.359 | 0.018* |
| Lag 2 (N = 112, BIC = 319.4) | ||||
| (Intercept) | 0.175 | 0.253 | 0.693 | 0.488 |
| Changes in functional connectivity | 0.245 | 0.098 | 2.494 | 0.013* |
| Lag 3 (N = 112, BIC = 318.9) | ||||
| (Intercept) | 0.175 | 0.250 | 0.699 | 0.484 |
| Changes in functional connectivity | 0.254 | 0.095 | 2.674 | 0.007* |
| Lag 4 (N = 112, BIC = 318.8) | ||||
| (Intercept) | 0.175 | 0.249 | 0.703 | 0.482 |
| Changes in functional connectivity | 0.257 | 0.094 | 2.749 | 0.006* |
| Lag 5 (N = 112, BIC = 319.1) | ||||
| (Intercept) | 0.176 | 0.249 | 0.705 | 0.481 |
| Changes in functional connectivity | 0.252 | 0.094 | 2.668 | 0.008* |
| Lag 6 (N = 112, BIC = 319.2) | ||||
| (Intercept) | 0.177 | 0.250 | 0.708 | 0.479 |
| Changes in functional connectivity | 0.249 | 0.093 | 2.677 | 0.007* |
| Lag 7 (N = 112, BIC = 321.9) | ||||
| (Intercept) | 0.173 | 0.252 | 0.688 | 0.492 |
| Changes in functional connectivity | 0.185 | 0.101 | 1.824 | 0.07 |
Notes: The lag periods for measuring changes in functional connectivity are in units of years, i.e., in the model Lag 1, changes in functional connectivity were measured by the change 1 yr before the corresponding population count. The number of lags represents the changes in functional connectivity over the number of years.
*
The estimated regression coefficient was significant at P ≤ 0.05.