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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Nov 13.
Published in final edited form as: J Cell Physiol. 2018 Mar 25;233(9):7239–7252. doi: 10.1002/jcp.26557

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Effect of PDE antagonists in restoring intracellular cAMP status in GSK3 knocked down spermatozoa. (a) Effect of non-specific PDE inhibitor, IBMX (0.5 mM) after global deletion of copies of α and β alleles of GSK3 gene from mice. (b) Status of [cAMP]i after treating sperm cells with PDE isoform specific inhibitors: PDE1 inhibitor, Vinpocetine (100 μM); PDE4 inhibitor, RS25344 (5 μM); PDE10 inhibitor, Papaverine HCl (50 μM); PDE11 inhibitor, BC 11–38 (20 μM). Incubation was done at 37 °C for 30 min for all of the above treatments. Data represent mean ± SEM of at least n = 3 for all the values. *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01 versus control or untreated values