Table 5.
E, H and E/H ratio of cortical bone obtained by nanoindentation tests, mean ± SD
| SED | EX12 | EX16 | EX20 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ct.L | ||||
| EL (GPa) | 23.57 ± 3.85 | 24.15 ± 3.85 | 25.04 ± 3.84 | 20.71 ± 3.03a,b,c |
| HL (GPa) | 1.01 ± 0.21d | 1.27 ± 0.49a,c,d | 1.01 ± 0.17 | 0.92 ± 0.08 |
| EL/HL | 24.10 ± 4.67b | 21.62 ± 7.30 | 25.03 ± 3.26b | 22.62 ± 3.01 |
| Ct.T | ||||
| ET (GPa) | 19.69 ± 2.97 | 21.56 ± 2.29a,d | 20.97 ± 1.83a,d | 18.74 ± 1.67 |
| HT (GPa) | 0.88 ± 0.20c,d | 0.89 ± 0.24d | 0.97 ± 0.19d | 0.74 ± 0.08 |
| ET/HT | 22.87 ± 2.88b,d | 25.91 ± 6.83 | 22.40 ± 4.31b | 22.55 ± 3.31 |
n = 12 in each group
Ct.L longitudinal cortical bone, Ct.T transverse cortical bone, EL longitudinal modulus of indentation, ET transverse modulus of indentation, HL longitudinal indentation hardness, HT transverse indentation hardness, EL/HL ratio of longitudinal indentation modulus to indentation hardness, ET/HT ratio of transverse indentation modulus to indentation hardness, SED sedentary control group, EX12 exercise group with a speed of 12 m/min, EX16 exercise group with a speed of 16 m/min, EX20 exercise group with a speed of 20 m/min
aStatistically different from SED (p < 0.05)
bStatistically different from EX12 (p < 0.05)
cStatistically different from EX16 (p < 0.05)
dStatistically different from EX20 group (p < 0.05)