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. 2019 Nov 13;16:216. doi: 10.1186/s12974-019-1602-5

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 5 — Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) or their extracellular vesicles (EVs) transplanted intra-arterially alleviate GFAP+ cells in the rat brain evoked by focal brain injury. a Representative images of GFAP staining in the rat brain of control rats, focal brain injured rats left intact, and those receiving hBM-MSC or EV transplantation. Scale bars 20 μm. b Quantitative analysis of the host cells positive for GFAP observed in the rat brains of focal brain injured rats 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days after hBM-MSC or EV transplantation versus untreated or control rats. All data reflect mean ± SD from 6 animals. *p < 0.1; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001