Fig. 7.

Models associated with Diaphorina citri feeding and plant immune response in leaves of Citrus sinensis. Hypothetical molecular mechanisms involved in transcriptional regulation of SA modification and activation of defense-associated responses via NPR1 in C. sinensis. a Model of plant immune response to short-term D. citri feeding. b Model of plant immune response to long-term D. citri feeding. Abbreviations are similar to Fig. 1; black line arrows indicate synthesis of SA metabolites. Dashed lines indicate transport to vacuole; thick, white arrows indicate the Isochorismate (IC) Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase pathways; thick, gray arrows indicate the reduction and monomerization of NPR1; thick, orange arrows indicate upregulation of genes and thick, blue arrows indicate the increase in SA and its metabolites in leaves. (=PR-1) represents no changes in transcriptional regulation