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. 2019 Nov 12;8(1):1626–1635. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1685913

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© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, on behalf of Shanghai Shangyixun Cultural Communication Co., Ltd

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — Multidimensional role of exosomes in DENV life cycle. DENV infection modifies the released exosomes/microvesicles content to facilitate its successful life cycle. DENV replication, its particle maturation, packaging, viral transmission from one cell to another, evasion of host immunity and ultimately plethora of pathogenic outcomes depend on the release of microvesicles. Modulation of immunity in different cells such T cells, platelets, RBC and endothelial cells utilize various cargo transported via exosomes. The exosomal cargo contains viral mRNA, viral toxins, host microRNA, transcription factors, mRNAs, receptors. etc.