Table 3.

Summary of the linear mixed‐effect model, corresponding to model 6

#		Explanatory variable	Estimate	SE	df	t	p
6	RTL	Intercept	0.035	0.025	74.78	1.35	.18
		Repro. mode—oviparous	−0.155	0.031	62.04	−5.00	<.001
		Repro. mode—viviparous	0.127	0.029	62.80	4.32	<.001
		Life stage—offspring	−0.094	0.017	55.03	−4.67	<.001

Family ID was included as a random factor to control for non‐independence between mother and offspring. The family level variance was 0.0029 (SD 0.0542), and the residual variance was 0.0083 (SD 0.091). See Section 33 for analysis of variance test statistics. Estimates of marginal (fixed effects) and conditional (fixed effects + random effects) R ² values were 0.62 and 0.72, respectively.