Table 4. Stakeholder engagement type using various strategies (%).

Stakeholder type and method		Venue		D&I Training		Nationality		Yrs. Since Training
		Clinical n = 59	Commun n = 123	More# n = 73	Less n = 49	U.S. n = 148	Can n = 28	0–10 n = 97	≥10 n = 104
Patients/ Consumers	Focus Groups	61.0	56.1	60.3	55.1	61.5	50	48.5	62.5*
	Advisory Committees	59.3	61.0	61.6	53.1	57.4	75	55.7	58.7
	User Panels	33.9	27.6	28.8	20.4	30.4	32	23.7	34.6
	Team Members	32.2	34.1	34.2	16.3*	27.7	61	28.9	31.7
	Interpret Data	32.2	27.6	35.6	20.4	28.4	40	26.8	30.8
	Disseminate	47.5	38.2	41.1	36.7	36.5	57	37.1	41.3
	Total ≥ 2	68	61	64	51	62	75	57	64
Direct Practitioners	Focus Groups	10.5	43.9*	60.3	42.9*	50.7	57	45.4	48.1
	Advisory Committees	66.1	56.9	63.3	44.9*	59.5	68	56.7	57.7
	User Panels	47.5	24.4*	32.9	24.5	30.4	43	27.8	30.8
	Team Members	62.7	45.5*	50.7	51.0	27.7	61	47.4	50.0
	Interpret Data	59.3	38.2*	52.1	40.8	28.4	39	46.4	40.4
	Disseminate	62.7	48.0	53.4	59.2	36.5	57	52.6	51.9
	Total ≥ 2	80	64 *	71	61	70	75	65	68
Organizational Decision-Makers	Focus Groups	32.2	36.6	45.2	26.5*	35.1	50	37.1	27.9
	Advisory Committees	62.7	51.2	60.3	44.9	54.1	71	54.6	55.8
	User Panels	16.9	12.2	15.1	8.2	14.2	21	12.4	12.5
	Team Members	25.4	31.7	30.1	24.5	25.7	39	34.0	26.0
	Interpret Data	25.4	30.9	38.4	24.5	29.1	43	36.1	23.1*
	Disseminate	50.8	58.5	57.5	49.0	54.7	75	58.8	55.8
	Total ≥ 2	56	58	59	51	57	79*	62	55
Policymakers	Focus Groups	15.3	16.3	17.8	4.1*	11.5	46	18.6	10.6
	Advisory Committees	35.6	39.8	42.5	20.4*	33.1	61	43.3	32.7
	User Panels	5.1	6.5	8.2	0.0	3.4	29	7.2	3.8
	Team Members	10.2	15.4	19.2	0.0*	8.8	43	9.3	5.8
	Interpret Data	18.6	13.8	21.9	2.0*	12.8	36	15.5	15.4
	Disseminate	37.3	47.2	47.9	32.7	39.2	71	17.5	8.7
	Total ≥ 2	29	34	40	14*	28	64*	38	29

n varied from 122–182 across items

* = p < .05 (Fishers’ exact)

#For the purpose of this analysis, the amount of training in Dissemination & Implementation Science was defined as More = university course or fellowship, while Less = workshop, single-day training, or lecture