Table 1. Characteristics of the study subjects.
Characteristics | Tota (n = 1420)a | Alcohol drinking at diagnosis | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Never (n = 1015) | Past (n = 48) | Current (n = 357) | pd | ||
Person-years | 11180.9 | 7922.7 | 348.6 | 2909.6 | |
All-cause death, n | 261 | 206 | 8 | 47 | |
Cause of death, n | |||||
Vascular diseases | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | |
Other cancers | 21 | 17 | 0 | 4 | |
Others | 32 | 24 | 2 | 6 | |
Breast cancer | 193 | 150 | 6 | 37 | |
Age (years) | |||||
Mean | 57.2 | 59.3 | 56.1 | 51.4 | |
S.D. | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.0 | 10.5 | <0.001 |
Year of diagnosis (%) | |||||
1997–2005 | 44.5 | 46.3 | 31.3 | 41.2 | |
2006–2013 | 55.5 | 53.7 | 68.7 | 58.8 | 0.04 |
Stage (%) | |||||
0-I | 50.4 | 49.9 | 47.9 | 52.4 | |
II | 30.9 | 31.0 | 29.2 | 30.5 | |
III | 11.1 | 11.1 | 10.4 | 10.9 | |
IV | 6.4 | 6.6 | 10.4 | 5.3 | |
Missing | 1.3 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 0.8 | 0.92 |
Hormone receptor (%) | |||||
ER+/PR+ | 55.3 | 53.3 | 47.9 | 62.2 | |
ER+/PR- | 12.1 | 13.3 | 16.7 | 8.1 | |
ER-/PR+ | 1.6 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 1.1 | |
ER-/PR- | 24.0 | 23.8 | 27.1 | 24.1 | |
Missing | 7.0 | 7.8 | 8.3 | 4.5 | 0.03 |
Referral status (%) | |||||
From screening | 18.5 | 18.7 | 12.5 | 18.8 | |
Other | 81.5 | 81.3 | 87.5 | 81.2 | 0.55 |
Radiation (%) | |||||
No | 59.6 | 62.2 | 56.3 | 52.9 | |
Yes | 40.4 | 37.8 | 43.7 | 47.1 | 0.01 |
Chemotherapy (%) | |||||
No | 68.8 | 70.1 | 60.4 | 66.1 | |
Yes | 31.2 | 29.9 | 39.6 | 33.9 | 0.16 |
Endocrine therapy (%) | |||||
No | 56.0 | 55.7 | 58.3 | 56.6 | |
Yes | 44.0 | 44.3 | 41.7 | 43.4 | 0.90 |
Family history of breast cancer in father, mother, brother or sister (%) | |||||
No | 90.0 | 89.8 | 95.8 | 89.9 | |
Yes | 10.0 | 10.2 | 4.2 | 10.1 | 0.39 |
Age at menarche (years, %) | |||||
≤12 | 32.3 | 28.6 | 33.3 | 42.9 | |
13 | 22.3 | 21.8 | 16.7 | 24.4 | |
14 | 20.4 | 20.1 | 25.0 | 20.5 | |
≥15 | 20.9 | 24.5 | 22.9 | 10.1 | |
Missing | 4.2 | 5.0 | 2.1 | 2.2 | <0.001 |
Parity history (%) | |||||
Nulliparous | 10.8 | 9.8 | 18.7 | 12.6 | |
Parous | 85.8 | 86.3 | 77.1 | 85.4 | |
Missing | 3.4 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 2.0 | 0.08 |
Menopausal status (%) | |||||
Premenopausal | 38.0 | 31.7 | 31.2 | 56.9 | |
Postmenopausal | 57.1 | 63.8 | 62.5 | 37.3 | |
Missing | 4.9 | 4.4 | 6.3 | 5.9 | <0.001 |
Smoking (%) | |||||
Never | 80.3 | 87.2 | 54.2 | 64.1 | |
Ever | 17.9 | 11.1 | 43.8 | 33.6 | |
Missing | 1.8 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 2.2 | <0.001 |
Physical activity (%) | |||||
Almost no | 50.3 | 49.4 | 45.8 | 53.5 | |
More than one hour per week | 43.6 | 43.6 | 45.8 | 43.4 | |
Missing | 6.1 | 7.1 | 8.3 | 3.1 | 0.08 |
BMI (kg/m2, %) | |||||
<21.1 | 25.1 | 21.7 | 25.0 | 34.7 | |
21.1-<23.3 | 23.9 | 22.9 | 20.8 | 27.2 | |
23.3-<26.0 | 25.2 | 26.1 | 25.0 | 22.7 | |
≥26.0 | 24.7 | 28.2 | 29.2 | 14.3 | |
Missing | 1.1 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 1.1 | <0.001 |
Comorbidities (%)b | |||||
No | 76.0 | 73.4 | 68.8 | 84.3 | |
Yes | 24.0 | 26.6 | 31.2 | 15.7 | <0.001 |
Occupation (%) | |||||
Housewife | 19.4 | 20.6 | 16.7 | 16.3 | |
Other | 68.2 | 65.0 | 70.8 | 77.0 | |
Missing | 12.4 | 14.4 | 12.5 | 6.7 | <0.001 |
Dietary intake (mean ± SD) | |||||
Folate intake (μg per day)c | 211.2 ± 71.9 | 216.1 ± 74.2 | 199.7 ± 78.0 | 199.0 ± 62.5 | <0.001 |
Energy intake (kcal per day) | 1193.7 ± 272.6 | 1192.3 ± 272.5 | 1133.4 ± 350.8 | 1205.7 ± 260.3 | 0.22 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; ER, estrogen receptor; PR, progesterone receptor.
aPatients for whom data on history of alcohol drinkin were missing (n = 48) have been excluded.
bComorbidities include hypertension / ischemic heart disease / stroke / diabetes mellitus.
cEnergy-adjusted intake.
dChi-square test or anaysis of variance for comparing frequencies and means among never, past, and current drinkers.