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. 2019 Nov 13;14(11):e0224797. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224797

Table 2. Hazard ratio of all-cause and breast cancer-specific death associated with alcohol drinking among overall women.

Factor Patients Person-years All-cause death Breast cancer-specific death
Deaths Multivariate-adjusted 1a Multivariate-adjusted 2b Deaths Multivariate-adjusted 1a Multivariate-adjusted 2b
HR (95% CI) HR (95% CI) HR (95% CI) HR (95% CI)
History of alcohol drinking
    Never 1015 7922.7 206 1 (Reference) 1 (Reference) 150 1 (Reference) 1 (Reference)
    Ever (Current/past) 405 3258.2 55 0.78 (0.57–1.06) 0.75 (0.54–1.05) 43 0.67 (0.47–0.96) 0.68 (0.46–0.99)
    Past 48 348.6 8 0.80 (0.39–1.64) 0.70 (0.32–1.52) 6 0.57 (0.24–1.32) 0.53 (0.21–1.33)
    Current 357 2909.6 47 0.77 (0.55–1.08) 0.76 (0.53–1.08) 37 0.70 (0.48–1.01) 0.70 (0.47–1.04)
Age at start of drinking (years)
    ≥ 21 173 1418.3 25 0.74 (0.49–1.13) 0.73 (0.47–1.13) 20 0.72 (0.45–1.16) 0.74 (0.45–1.21)
    ≤ 20 199 1575.6 27 0.89 (0.58–1.37) 0.87 (0.55–1.36) 20 0.65 (0.40–1.07) 0.65 (0.39–1.10)
p for trend       0.33 0.31   0.04 0.07
(Finer categorization)                
    > 25 111 901.1 15 0.79 (0.47–1.35) 0.79 (0.45–1.36) 12 0.91 (0.50–1.64) 0.87 (0.47–1.63)
    ≥21 - ≤ 25 62 517.2 10 0.67 (0.35–1.28) 0.66 (0.34–1.28) 8 0.55 (0.27–1.14) 0.59 (0.28–1.25)
    ≤ 20 199 1575.6 27 0.89 (0.58–1.37) 0.86 (0.55–1.36) 20 0.65 (0.39–1.06) 0.65 (0.39–1.10)
p for trend       0.31 0.29   0.03 0.05
Frequency of drinking (times)
    Occasional or 1–2 per week 187 1524.5 22 0.67 (0.42–1.05) 0.70 (0.44–1.13) 16 0.52 (0.31–0.89) 0.57 (0.33–0.99)
    3–7 per week 198 1586.7 28 0.83 (0.55–1.24) 0.75 (0.48–1.17) 23 0.76 (0.48–1.19) 0.72 (0.43–1.18)
p for trend       0.17 0.12   0.07 0.08
(Finer categorization)                
    Occasional 96 800.0 15 0.77 (0.45–1.32) 0.81 (0.46–1.41) 10 0.53 (0.27–1.03) 0.58 (0.29–1.14)
    1–2 per week 91 724.5 7 0.52 (0.24–1.12) 0.55 (0.25–1.21) 6 0.51 (0.22–1.16) 0.57 (0.24–1.33)
    3–4 per week 94 775.9 11 0.58 (0.31–1.08) 0.52 (0.27–1.00) 11 0.62 (0.33–1.16) 0.58 (0.29–1.15)
    5–7 per week 104 810.8 17 1.13 (0.68–1.88) 1.04 (0.60–1.80) 12 0.95 (0.52–1.72) 0.90 (0.47–1.71)
p for trend       0.28 0.20   0.13 0.15
Amount of alcohol consumed per day (g)
    < 5.0 171 1395.9 20 0.65 (0.40–1.04) 0.68 (0.42–1.11) 15 0.52 (0.30–0.89) 0.57 (0.32–1.00)
    ≥ 5.0 204 1649.4 28 0.81 (0.54–1.22) 0.72 (0.46–1.12) 23 0.73 (0.47–1.15) 0.68 (0.41–1.12)
p for trend       0.14 0.08   0.05 0.06
(Finer categorization)                
    < 5.0 171 1395.9 20 0.65 (0.40–1.04) 0.68 (0.42–1.11) 15 0.52 (0.30–0.89) 0.57 (0.32–1.00)
    ≥5.0 - < 15.0 115 937.8 15 0.69 (0.40–1.18) 0.61 (0.35–1.08) 14 0.69 (0.39–1.21) 0.66 (0.35–1.22)
    ≥ 15 89 711.6 13 1.01 (0.57–1.79) 0.90 (0.49–1.66) 9 0.82 (0.41–1.62) 0.71 (0.34–1.48)
p for trend       0.26 0.15   0.09 0.08

Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

aAdjusted by age, year of diagnosis, stage (0-I, II, III, IV, missing), hormone receptor (ER+ or PR+, ER-/PR-, missing), and menopausal status (premenopausal, postmenopausal, missing).

bAdjusted by age, year of diagnosis, stage (0-I, II, III, IV, missing), hormone receptor (ER+ or PR+, ER-/PR-, missing), referral status (from screening, other), radiation therapy (no, yes), chemotherapy (no, yes), endocrine therapy (no, yes), family history of breast cancer in parents or siblings (no, yes), smoking (ever, never, missing), BMI (<21.1, 21.1-<23.3, 23.3-<26.0, 26.0-, missing), physical activity (almost no, more than one hour per week, missing), comorbidities (no, yes), occupation (housewife, other, missing), age at menarche (≤12, 13, 14, 15<, missing), parity history (nulliparous, parous, missing), menopausal status (premenopausal, postmenopausal, missing), and intake of folate (continuous) and energy (continuous).

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