Table 5. Hazard ratio of all-cause and breast cancer-specific death associated with alcohol drinking according to selected factors.
| Factor | Patients | Person-years | All-cause death | Breast cancer-specific death | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deaths | HR (95% CI) | Deaths | HR (95% CI) | |||
| Menopausal statusa | ||||||
| Premenupause | ||||||
| History of alcohol drinking | ||||||
| Never | 322 | 2612.7 | 52 | 1 (Reference) | 48 | 1 (Reference) |
| Ever (Current/past) | 218 | 1841.0 | 21 | 0.54 (0.29–1.00) | 16 | 0.45 (0.23–0.89) |
| Amount of alcohol consumed per day (g) | ||||||
| < 5.0 | 94 | 805.4 | 4 | 0.20 (0.06–0.63) | 2 | 0.12 (0.02–0.54) |
| ≥ 5.0 | 114 | 970.4 | 13 | 0.54 (0.26–1.10) | 11 | 0.50 (0.23–1.09) |
| p for trend | 0.05 | 0.04 | ||||
| Postmenopause | ||||||
| History of alcohol drinking | ||||||
| Never | 648 | 4964.3 | 136 | 1 (Reference) | 84 | 1 (Reference) |
| Ever (Current/past) | 163 | 1212.3 | 29 | 0.92 (0.57–1.47) | 23 | 0.85 (0.48–1.49) |
| Amount of alcohol consumed per day (g) | ||||||
| < 5.0 | 65 | 491.4 | 13 | 1.06 (0.56–2.01) | 10 | 0.92 (0.43–1.97) |
| ≥ 5.0 | 80 | 588.2 | 14 | 0.89 (0.48–1.67) | 12 | 0.91 (0.44–1.88) |
| p for trend | 0.79 | 0.78 | ||||
| p for interaction between ever-drinking and menopausal status | 0.82 | 0.47 | ||||
| BMIb | ||||||
| <23.3 (low BMI) | ||||||
| History of alcohol drinking | ||||||
| Never | 452 | 3437.8 | 98 | 1 (Reference) | 76 | 1 (Reference) |
| Ever (Current/past) | 243 | 1987.2 | 35 | 0.77 (0.50–1.19) | 25 | 0.61 (0.36–1.03) |
| Amount of alcohol consumed per day (g) | ||||||
| < 5.0 | 103 | 849.4 | 14 | 0.79 (0.43–1.45) | 9 | 0.54 (0.26–1.15) |
| ≥ 5.0 | 126 | 1027.6 | 17 | 0.70 (0.39–1.26) | 13 | 0.58 (0.29–1.16) |
| p for trend | 0.19 | 0.06 | ||||
| ≥23.3 (high BMI) | ||||||
| History of alcohol drinking | ||||||
| Never | 551 | 4431.5 | 103 | 1 (Reference) | 70 | 1 (Reference) |
| Ever (Current/past) | 158 | 1246.8 | 19 | 0.81 (0.46–1.41) | 17 | 0.91 (0.48–1.72) |
| Amount of alcohol consumed per day (g) | ||||||
| < 5.0 | 67 | 544.7 | 5 | 0.47 (0.18–1.21) | 5 | 0.55 (0.20–1.50) |
| ≥ 5.0 | 75 | 599.5 | 11 | 1.04 (0.51–2.11) | 10 | 1.22 (0.56–2.68) |
| p for trend | 0.69 | 0.90 | ||||
| p for interaction between ever-drinking and body mass index | 0.59 | 0.19 | ||||
| Folate intakec | ||||||
| <207.8μg per day (low folate intake) | ||||||
| History of alcohol drinking | ||||||
| Never | 482 | 3597.4 | 104 | 1 (Reference) | 84 | 1 (Reference) |
| Ever (Current/past) | 228 | 1805.1 | 24 | 0.58 (0.35–0.98) | 17 | 0.42 (0.23–0.78) |
| Amount of alcohol consumed per day (g) | ||||||
| < 5.0 | 94 | 741.2 | 8 | 0.54 (0.25–1.17) | 5 | 0.35 (0.13–0.91) |
| ≥ 5.0 | 122 | 970.7 | 15 | 0.63 (0.33–1.19) | 12 | 0.50 (0.24–1.04) |
| p for trend | 0.09 | 0.02 | ||||
| ≥207.8μg per day (high folate intake) | ||||||
| History of alcohol drinking | ||||||
| Never | 533 | 4325.2 | 102 | 1 (Reference) | 66 | 1 (Reference) |
| Ever (Current/past) | 177 | 1453.1 | 31 | 1.08 (0.68–1.73) | 26 | 1.20 (0.69–2.08) |
| Amount of alcohol consumed per day (g) | ||||||
| < 5.0 | 77 | 654.7 | 12 | 0.94 (0.48–1.84) | 10 | 1.00 (0.47–2.13) |
| ≥ 5.0 | 82 | 678.7 | 13 | 1.06 (0.55–2.03) | 11 | 1.27 (0.60–2.70) |
| p for trend | 0.91 | 0.58 | ||||
| p for interaction between ever-drinking and folate intake | 0.06 | 0.01 | ||||
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; ER, estrogen receptor; PR, progesterone receptor; BMI, body mass index.
aAdjusted by age, year of diagnosis, stage (0-I, II, III, IV, missing), hormone receptor (ER+ or PR+, ER-/PR-, missing), referral status (from screening, other), radiation therapy (no, yes), chemotherapy (no, yes), endocrine therapy (no, yes), family history of breast cancer in parents or siblings (no, yes), smoking (ever, never, missing), BMI(<21.1, 21.1-<23.3, 23.3-<26.0, 26.0-, missing), physical activity (almost no, more than one hour per week, missing), comorbidities (no, yes), occupation (housewife, other, missing), age at menarche (≤12, 13, 14, 15<, missing), parity history (nulliparous, parous, missing), and intake of folate (continuous) and energy (continuous).
bAdjusted by age, year of diagnosis, stage (0-I, II, III, IV, missing), hormone receptor (ER+ or PR+, ER-/PR-, missing), referral status (from screening, other), radiation therapy (no, yes), chemotherapy (no, yes), endocrine therapy (no, yes), family history of breast cancer in parents or siblings (no, yes), smoking (ever, never, missing), physical activity (almost no, more than one hour per week, missing), comorbidities (no, yes), occupation (housewife, other, missing), age at menarche (≤12, 13, 14, 15<, missing), parity history (nulliparous, parous, missing), menopausal status (premenopausal, postmenopausal, missing), and intake of folate (continuous) and energy (continuous).
cAdjusted by age, year of diagnosis, stage (0-I, II, III, IV, missing), hormone receptor (ER+ or PR+, ER-/PR-, missing), referral status (from screening, other), radiation therapy (no, yes), chemotherapy (no, yes), endocrine therapy (no, yes), family history of breast cancer in parents or siblings (no, yes), smoking (ever, never, missing), BMI(<21.1, 21.1-<23.3, 23.3-<26.0, 26.0-, missing), physical activity (almost no, more than one hour per week, missing), comorbidities (no, yes), occupation (housewife, other, missing), age at menarche (≤12, 13, 14, 15<, missing), parity history (nulliparous, parous, missing), menopausal status (premenopausal, postmenopausal, missing) and energy intake (continuous).