Table 1.

Logic framework for social determinants of health intervention

Intervention

Screening and referral for food insecurity, unemployment, lack of education, and inadequate housing

Potential mediators

Decreased food insecurity

Increased employment

Increased education opportunities

Decreased substandard housing

Reduced stressors in the areas of housing, education, unemployment, and food insecurity*

Social support, social network

Primary and secondary outcomes

Reduced emergency department visits

Reduced hospitalizations

Improved patient satisfaction with primary care

Chronic disease indicators (e.g., HbA1c)

Receipt of preventive services**

Improved self-reported overall health

Improved physical and mental health (short form 12 physical/mental health)

Reduced “no show” rates in primary care clinics

Lower healthcare costs

^*, opportunities for learning, improved standard of living, improved living conditions, improved nutrition;

^**, e.g., mammogram, colorectal cancer screening, immunizations.