Table 1.
SA abnormalities
| Requires referral |
| Azoospermia |
| Asthenozoospermia (abnormal motility) |
| Oligospermia |
| Necrozoospermia (sperm death) |
| Leukocytospermia |
| No referral |
| Isolated teratozoospermia (abnormal morphology) |
| Globozoospermia |
SA, semen analysis.
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