Table 1. PICOS process. Abbreviations: CPP-ACP: Casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate; CPP-ACPF: Casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride; WSL: White spot lesion.

Component	Description
Population	Participants included during and after fixed orthodontic treatment
Intervention	Products containing CPP-ACP or CPP-ACPF
Comparison	Use of CPP-ACP vs. control (toothbrushing or fluoridated toothpaste), placebo, or other products (± fluoridated toothpaste) Use of CPP-ACPF vs. control (toothbrushing or fluoridated toothpaste), placebo, or other products (± fluoridated toothpaste)
Outcome	Changes in development of new WSLs and improvement of the appearance of the existing WSLs
Study design	Human randomized controlled clinical trials